美国文学史通论.pptVIP

A General Introduction to American Literature（17th.C.-19th.C.） The Literature of Colonial America 殖民主义时期文学 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。 17th世纪早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史 First colonies: named after English monarchs and English lands: Georgia, Carolina, Maryland, New York, New Hampshire, and New England 美国最早殖民者Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese First writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. ，about the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。 船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration) In the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. 早期新英格兰文学主要是theological, moral, historical and political. the Puritans in New England embraced hardships, together with the discipline of a harsh church. They want to found a theocracy. They had toughness, purpose and character, and they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety成了早期美国作品主导思想。 The Literature of Reason And Revolution 理性和革命时期文学 在经济方面，英国要求美出口原材料，后从英国购回高成本的机器they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country. 在政治方面，要求他们归英国政府统一管理，交各种税收但在议会中却没有代表by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament. 美独立战争持续了八年（1776-1783）The War for Independence. Ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic 联邦资产阶级民主共和国--- the United States of America，begin with Lexington. 托马斯·佩因 Thomas Paine one of the founding fathers :