美国文学 霍桑介绍Nathaniel Hawthorne.pptVIP

Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔·霍桑） Contents Life Birthplace: Salem, Massachusetts Family background: a family with a long Puritan tradition; father died when he was only 4 years old; mother relied on relatives in rearing her four children Education: reading extensively by his mid-teens and aspired to be a writer; from 1821-1825, he studied at Bowdoin college in Maine. Early life influences on Hawthorne Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. Belief in the existence of the devil. Belief in determinism宿命论. Puritanism 清教主义 Puritans came from the Established Church of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They were so called because they wished to purify the forms and rituals of the Church. Though it was pilgrims that first came to New England, yet Puritanism soon became the dominant faith with its rather gloomy outlook on life. The Puritans held that man lived to suffer and he must toil mightily for the glory of God. Their doctrine was widely known for its extremely rigid and strict morality. (original sins ,predestination,limited atonement) Major works 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》 Features of his works Setting ： Puritan New England Themes ： Evil Sin Idea ： Black vision toward human beings Technique ： symbolism Black Vision : Evil exists in the human heart Everyone possesses some evil secret Everyone seems to cover up his innermost evil Evil seems to be man’s birthmark Sin will eventually get punished Evil educates Overweening intellect—source of evil Themes 1. Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”） 2. Morality and Sin（道德 罪恶） 3. Human Isolation（人之孤独） 1.Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”） ◇ Human beings are evil-natured an