网络翻译 ppt.ppt

英汉翻译理论与实践 A Practical Course of English-Chinese Translation Unit 1 Introduction I. Nature and Scope of Translation Definition: Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. History: In the West, literary translation can be traced back to 300 BC, while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the Zhou dynasty (1100BC). Systematic study of translation: Not until recent centuries, especially by the end of the 19th century did systematic study of translation get under way. Fanyi in Chinese: A subject of the curriculum; A job people engage in; A piece of literary work; The translating or interpreting work itself; The translator or interpreter himself/herself Translation is believed to be Science: when referring to a subject, namely, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by. Art: when referring to some specific pieces of translation, it is more like an art, with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator. Craft: when referring to a process, in which something is translated, we may regard it as a craft or skill. Translation covers a broad range In terms of languages: it can be divided into two categories----from native languages to foreign languages and vice versa. In terms of the mode: it can be divided into oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation. In terms of materials to be translated: there is translation of scientific materials, literary works political essays and practical writing. In terms of disposal: it can be full-text translation, abridged translation and adapted translation. II. Principles or criteria of translation The principles and criteria of translation are accurately the two sides of the same thing .