国际货代英语考试重点加翻译1~5.doc

Unit 1 International Trade 一、 定义和重要性 International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories。 In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP) 。While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. 国际贸易是指跨越各国国境或领土的资本、货物和服务的交换活动。 在大多数国家，国际贸易占国内生产总值很大的比重。 国际贸易在整个历史发展过程中也得到了体现，国际贸易在经济、社会、政治等方面的重要性在近几个世纪的发展中不断增长。 Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system.。Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization International trade is a major source of economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power.。Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders.. 工业化、先进的运输、全球化、跨国公司和外包服务等方面的发展对国际贸易体系都产生了较大的影响。国际贸易增长对全球化的持续发展是至关重要的。对于任何一个称为世界强国的国家来说，国际贸易是其经济收入的主要来源。 没有国际贸易，该国的经济将仅限于本国境内的货物和服务的生产制造。 二：国内贸易和国际贸易的异同 International trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that crossing a national border typically involves additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays, and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system, or a different culture. 国际贸易中的成本通常会明显高于国内贸易。原因是国际贸易通过一个国境时通常会产生附加的成本，比如关税，边境延误产生的时间成本，以及由于国与国之间语言、法律体制或者文化等方面的差异所产生的成本。 Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across national borders. Thus, international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services .国内贸易与国际贸易的另一个差异在于生产要素的流动，比如资本和劳动力在一国国内的流动比跨越国境的流动要容易得多。如此一来，国际贸易主要限于货物和服务的交易。 Then, trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing the fac