国外化学课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Concentration the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. Solvent Solute Low------------------- High dilute dy loot concentrated Solubility -how likely it is for a solute to dissolve in a solvent. insoluble soluble Low High Wawa = Dey da same Acid Base pH- the amount of H+ ions in a solution. ACID extra H+1 ions (protons) BASE fewer H+1 ions. extra OH+1 ions. Whatchyall lookin at bra ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Weak ACID Strong ACID HCl Hydrochloric acid H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HNO3 Nitric acid CH3COOH Acetic acid H2CO3 Carbonic acid Citric acid pH H2O H+ 1 10 1 2 100 1 3 1000 1 pH paper Blue Litmus paper Red Litmus paper Balancing equations Ag + Cl2 AgCl 1 2 1 1 Both sides must be equal for ALL atoms. 2 2 2 Ag + Cl2 AgCl 1 2 1 1 Both sides must be equal for ALL atoms. 2 2 2 2 2 CH4 + O2? CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 CH4 + O2? CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 2 4 CH4 + O2? CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 Ag + Cl2 AgCl 1 2 1 1 Both sides must be equal for ALL atoms. LiCl + Na+1 ? NaCl + Li+1 Na + Cl2 ? NaCl H2O2 ? H2O + O2 KI + Mg+2 ? MgI2 + K+1 AgNO3+ NaCl ? AgCl + NaNO3 LiCl + NaOH ? NaCl + LiOH Catalyst cat a list a substance which alters the rate of a chemical reaction. It is unchanged at the end of the reaction. Experiment with the changes of states of a substance (i.e. water, dry ice). Chart- state changes: melting, boiling, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation. Platinum catalyst 2 CO + O2 Pt 2 CO2 stabilized intermediates How to read a Phas