赵瑞红06第六章访问调查法.ppt

6.1 types of interview Interview: a data collection method in which one person (an interviewer) asks questions of another ( a respondent). 1.Structured interview (结构式访问） Interview with questionnaire or structural questions. --big sample (in contrast with non-structural interview) 大样本 --superficial items 项目表面化 --high reliability (in contrast with self-administered questionnaire ) 信度较高 --suitable for illiterate respondents (适合不识字的调查对象） 2. Unstructured interview (非结构式访问) An unstructured interview is an interaction between an interviewer and a respondent in which the interviewer has a general plan of inquiry but not a specific set of questions that must be asked in particular words and particular order. --without specific set of questions --More flexible :The answers evoked by your initial questions should shape your subsequent ones. --greater depth 3. Colloquia (座谈会) Characteristics Appropriate for understanding event, not facts about individuals Low generalizability Participants should be competent to your topic Number of participants for a colloquium Interviewer should be good at presiding over the colloquium 6.2 procedures and techniques 1. Entry stage To begin interview : official certificates and informal social ties To reduce tension of respondents: create an easy and trust atmosphere Solicit cooperation from respondents 2. Interviewing stage Focus on the topic (围绕问题发问) Value-free (价值中立) Expression (表情控制) 3. Accomplish stage How to record interview information:Record on the spot (现场记录) record afterward（事后记录）　　　 Leave the field and return 6.3 selection and training of interviewers 1. Selecting interviewers Special qualifications Sex Age Education Localities General qualifications Sincerity and staidness (诚实认真) Interests and ability (兴趣与能力) Diligence (勤奋) 2. Training of interviewers Introduction by organizer Research methods The project: goals, sample, and etc. Read questionnaire Pilot interview 第二节 电话访问调查 电话访谈 一、电话访谈产生的背景 1.电话普及率提高