远离乙肝骚扰的立体对策-2010廖皓磊—培训课件.pptVIP

* 乙型肝炎病毒的传染性非常强，比艾滋病病毒的传染性还要强50－100倍[i1]。 日常生活中皮肤的一点点破损（如口腔溃疡、擦伤等），只要接触到含有乙型肝炎患者血液的用品或被乙肝病毒污染的用品，就很容易感染乙型肝炎 * The crows remain an important part of the avian mortality surveillance * The crows remain an important part of the avian mortality surveillance * [SLIDE 15] Hepatitis B by year, United States, 1966 – 2000 Since hepatitis B vaccine was licensed for use in the United States in 1981, the incidence of acute hepatitis B has changed dramatically. During the 1980s, use of hepatitis B vaccine had little impact on disease incidence, which actually increased during the early 1980s. The incidence declined between 1985 and 1988, and between 1988 and 1991, when fewer cases were reported among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, respectively. In both of these groups the decline in incidence was likely related to behavioral changes in response to the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) rather than to vaccine use. The incidence has continued to decline during the first half of the 1990s; a likely contributing factor for this most recent decline is the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine in response to regulations issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Future declines in incidence are expected to occur as a result of the implementation of routine infant and routine adolescent vaccination, which have been recommended in the 1990s. 2010，廖皓磊 * 卫生部十年防治乙肝的总体目标是： 采取免疫预防为主、防治兼顾的综合措施，优先保护新生儿和重点人群，有效遏制乙肝的高流行状态，至2015年使我国人群乙肝发病率和乙肝表面抗原携带率有显著下降。 卫生部十年防治的3个具体目标： 一是10岁以下儿童乙肝表面抗原携带率降至1%以下； 二是全人群乙肝表面抗原携带率降至7%以下； 三是全人群乙肝表面抗原携带率已低于7%的省份，应进一步降低1～1.5％。 认真贯彻落实?疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例? 依法实施国家免疫规划卫生部政策法规司卫生政务通报第15期，2005、6、16 2005-2015年全国乙型病毒性肝炎防治规划 中国的乙型肝炎的防治策略 2010，廖皓磊 * 社区卫生服务中心防治乙肝的对策 一个完整的健康体检应包括： 检前 检中 检后 中国古代对医者的评述： 上医治未病之病 中医治欲病之病 下医治已病之病 乙型肝炎的防治策略 乙型肝炎至今没有根治的办法，“预防”重于“治疗”。 乙肝免疫是预防控制乙肝的基本策略。 接种乙型肝炎疫苗是预防乙型肝炎的唯一有效方法。 2010，廖皓磊 * 接种乙肝疫苗的意义 1、使95%以上的接种者获得保护 2、保护尚未暴露于乙肝病毒的人群 3、保护已短期暴露于乙肝病毒的人群 4、降低85%~90%与乙