马克思主义史家论史家修养以李大钊和马克思主义史学五大家为代表.pdf

摘 要 从20 世纪20 年代开始到40 年代，中国产生了一批马克思主义史学家，其 中以李大钊和郭沫若为首的史学五大家为代表。他们在当时的史学领域卓有建 树，纷纷著书立说，使马克思主义史学成为现代史坛的主流派别之一。马克思主 义史家取得如此成就，是与他们有着良好的史家修养分不开的。他们结合现代史 学的发展要求，对中国传统的史家修养理论加以不断继承和发扬光大。他们对史 家修养所作的阐述，我们可以运用中国传统史学论史家修养的史才、史学、史识 和史德四个范畴来加以概括、介绍和分析，即：第一，史才，即史家研究历史的 方法与撰述技艺，主要包括关于史料的搜集、选择和整理，关于历史研究的方法， 历史撰述的技艺等三个方面；第二，史学，即史家的知识结构与知识面，主要内 容是史家要辩证认识专与通，要掌握拓展知识的途径，要懂得和掌握些外语；第 三，史识，即史家的理论水平与思维能力，主要体现在理论的重要性，学习和运 用理论的态度与方法；第四，史德，大致相当于史家的道德修养与思想境界，也 就是我们所说的史家有求真务实的科学精神，倡导学术民主—— “百家争鸣”， 发扬批评与自我批评，有谦虚谨慎和勇于学术创新的品质。他们对传统史家修养 的四个方面的内容既有继承，又作了时代性的发展。他们的这些思想既有理论价 值，也对当代史家如何提高自身修养有直接的启示和借鉴意义。 关键词：马克思主义史家；史家修养；史才；史学；史知；史德 I Abstract From the 1920s, there was a great deal of Marxism historians in China. They were Li Dazhao and Guo Moruo, and so on. They got remarkable achievements in the field of historical science and wrote many history articles at the time, Marxism history became one of the key history schools, even it is in modern China; because they had closed connect with their historical cultivation. They do not only have good historical cultivation, but also have the traditional Chinese self-cultivation historical cultivation continued to be inherited and developed. Their history cultivations are as follows: the first, Historical talent, that is the methods of researching history and writing techniques, including the collecting, selecting and organizing the historical data; the second, Historical science, that is the historian’s knowledge structure and knowledge, including specialization and expandability, the ways to expand knowledge, understanding and mastering a foreign language; the third, Historical knowledge, that is historian’s theory level and thinking ability, embodying in theory importance, attitude and method of theory