萨特《辩证理性批判》人学思想研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 萨特在其哲学研究后期，提出了自己的人学思想。在这个阶段，萨特秉承笛卡尔的 怀疑精神，接受柏格森的直觉主义，引用胡塞尔的现象学还原法，独创性地将微观社会 学和精神分析法作为方法论引入哲学分析，以此建立一种“历史的和结构的人学”。萨 特的人学思想将目光集中于特殊性，为辩证理性划定有效性和合理性范围，并提出了匮 乏、群体等重要概念。萨特以具体的个体实践为基点，阐述了整体化、异化等重要概念 以及关于历史运动过程的观念体系。萨特将自己的人学思想依附于马克思主义，并认为 这种依附是一种对马克思主义的修复，即恢复马克思主义辩证思想的伟大传统，并为“辩 证理性”提供理论根据。萨特通过建构“历史的和结构的人学”，为“辩证理性”提供 了一定的合理性和有效性范围，为“辩证理性”提供了有力的支撑。 关键词 萨特 辩证理性 人学 马克思主义 I Abstract Abstract Sartre put forward his hominology in the later research in philosophy. At this stage, he inherited Cartesian skepticism, accepted Bergsons intuitionism, referenced to Husserls phenomenological reduction, brought micro-sociological and spiritual analysis into philosophical analysis as the methodology. Sartre attempted to construct a theory of the historical and structural hominology . Sartres hominology focused on particularity, designated validity and reasonable range for Dialectical Reason, and put forward the important concepts of scarcity and groups, etc. Based on specific individual practice, Sartre described the important concepts of holistic and alienation, etc, and explained his own conception of the process of historical movement system. Sartres hominology attached to Marxism, he thought this attachment is a repair of Marxism, namely, to restore a great tradition of the Marxist dialectical thought, and provided evidence for Dialectical Reason. By the construction of the historical and structural hominology , Sartre provided a certain range of validity