剑桥商务英语高级Unit 1b.ppt

Teaching Contents Background Information Vocabulary preparation Detailed study of Passage Listening Language Report writing Extra Vocabulary Background Info Types of Company structure Hierarchical structure (pyramid or vertical structure):等级/层级结构，亦可称为金字塔/垂直结构 Flat Structure (horizontal structure):扁平结构，亦可称为水平结构 Matrix structure:矩阵结构 Hierarchical structure Advantages: Pooling of specialists enhances coodination and control; Centralized decision making enhances an organizational perspective across functins; Efficient use of talents; Career paths and professinal development in specialized areas are facilitated. Hierarchical structure Disadvantages: Diffenences in functional orientations impede communication and coodination; Tendency for specialists to develop a short-term perspective and a narrow functional orientation; Functional area conflicts may overburden top level decision makers; Difficult to eatablish uniform performance standards; Increased costs incurred through duplication of personnel, operations and investment. Hierarchical structure Hierarchical Structure Flat Structure Advantages: Allows task specialization and expertise to develop; No redundancy of functions across groups. Disadvantages: Poor communication across functional areas; Hard to identify who is responsible for failures (for example for poor sales of a product). Flat Structure Matrix structure Advantages: Increases market responsiveness through collaboration and synergies; Allows more efficient utilization of resouces; Improves flexibility, coordination and communication; Increases professional development through broader responsibilities; Increases technical quality and product integrity simultaneously. Matrix structure Disadvantages: Requires lots of communication and coodination (eg. betweem functional and divisional bosses); Dual reporting relatinships can result in uncertainty regarding accountability; Intense power struggles may lead to increased levels of conflict; Working relati