英语平行结构的美学价值.pdfVIP

Jan. 2008, Volume 5, No.1 (Serial No.49) Sino-US English Teaching, ISSN1539-8072, US A 英语平行结构的美学价值 董 俊１ （扬州大学外国语学院，江苏扬州 225009 ） 摘 要：英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言，其修辞手法丰富，其中平行结构占有十分重要的地位。本 文介绍几种常见的英语平行结构，并通过对一些英文名句、名段的赏析，探讨平行结构的美学价值。 关键词：平行结构；艺术表现力；美学价值 新牛津英语词典将平行结构定义为：“the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose which correspond in grammatical structure, sound, metre, meaning, etc.”，意即：“在诗歌或者散文中，连续运用在语 法结构、发音、韵律和意义等方面相似的语言结构。”它可以很简单，如单个的词和词组，也可以很复杂， 如完整的句子；它要求词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子一一对应，例如： The child was pretty and intelligent. You can go there on foot, by bus or by train . It is important to know how to study and to learn how to plan one’s time. The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game. 平行结构是英语中最常见的修辞格之一，由于具有很强的表现力，它是作家、诗人、政治家和演说家 经常用来表达思想感情的修辞手段。因此，理解和掌握平行结构有助于我们更好地欣赏经典的英文诗歌、 散文、谚语和著名的演说辞。平行结构不但能使语言富有节奏感，产生和谐的音乐美，而且能使思想的表 达更加清晰、准确和流畅。 1. 几种常见的平行结构 平行结构形式多样，概括起来主要有以下几种： （1）首语反复 首语反复指一个单词、短语或句子连续出现在数句的开头，例如： “To raise a happy, healthy, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes clergy; it takes business people; it takes community leader. It takes those who protect our health and safety. It takes all of us.” — Hillary Clinton, 1996, National Democratic Convention Address 培养一个快乐，健康和充满希望的小孩，需要家庭，需要老师，需要牧师，需要商人，需要社区的领 导，需要保护我们健康和安全的人，需要我们大家。 What we need in the United States is not division. What we need in the United States is not hatred. What we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness, but is love and wisdom and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer w