花腰傣族乡村聚落建设发展浅析.docx

新平县花腰傣族乡村聚落建设发展浅析摘要：花腰傣族文化悠远独特，主要分布在云南红河谷地带，其中新平县内聚居最多。花腰傣族乡村聚落所处自然地理环境优美独特。随着农村经济的发展，花腰傣族乡村聚落建设发展面临新的转折。目前大部分乡村聚落仍保有美丽的风土人情与空间形式，如果引入正确的保护和开发措施，适当的规划设计方案，也许有机会让乡村聚落的优美特质保留并过渡到现代生活。本文对新平县花腰傣族乡村聚落进行实地调研，分析其现状建设存在的问题，并探讨其解决对策。关键词：花腰傣族；乡村聚落；建设发展；问题；对策Analysis theConstruction and Development of HuayaoDais Rural Settlements in Xinping CountyZhang Yuling/ Kunming University of Science and Technology, Graduate studentWang He/ Kunming University of Science and Technology, Associate Professor,650000Abstract: HuayaoDai has distant and unique ethnic culture, widely live in Yunnan Red River Valley area and most of them live in Xinping County, which has beautiful and unique geographical environment. With the development of rural economy, rural settlement construction and HuayaoDai’s family are facing new opportunities and challenges. Currently, most rural settlements still retain a beautifulcustoms and folklore, and sapce forms. If the correct protection and development measures are introduced, and appropriate planning and design are applied, there may still has chance to retain the characteristics of rural settlements and transition to modern life. In this paper, through on-the-spot researches XinPing county and visiting the local HuaYaoDai residents, to analysis problems existed in the construction and to explore its Solutions.Keywords: HuaYaoDai; Rural settlements; Construction ; Problems; Countermeasures花腰傣族花腰傣（如图1）是我国民族大家庭中一个具有悠久历史文化的民族，与壮、侗、布依、水、黎等民族等是古代百越民族的后裔。花腰傣族主要居住在红河流域,的新平、元江、红河、元阳、金平等县，其中新平境内聚居最多，约有5万，分为傣雅、傣洒、傣卡三个不同的自称。因其所着筒裙有彩锦带缠腰的特点，俗称“花腰傣”。[1]这里的花腰傣族没有受到佛教的影响，信奉万物有灵，有染齿纹身的传统习俗，不过泼水节。以绚丽多姿的民族服饰和奇异浪漫的“花街节”最为突出。花腰傣族乡村聚落所处自然地理环境花腰傣族乡村聚落自然生长于哀牢山下红河沿岸的缓坡地带，这里常年气候炎热，犹如天然温室。青翠的甘蔗林、香蕉林铺满山岗，四季瓜果飘香，终年五谷成熟。高山，河谷，缓坡梯田，浪漫神秘的花腰傣族造就了独特的地域性，如图2。花腰傣族聚落的选址布局和发展都是在和自然磨合的过程中形成的，和其古老的农耕稻作文化密不可分，和信奉万物有灵的自然崇拜紧密相连。村落就像是稻田里自然生长的一种生命体，和农田紧密联系，方便村民耕作生产。而稻作需要丰富的水资源，因而花腰傣族聚落周围即便没有宽阔的河流，也有沟渠大小的水流环绕。花腰傣族门向十分讲究，朝向江边才被视为吉利，据说那样才能丰衣足食。花腰傣族信奉万物有灵，神灵多以大树为象征，因而造就了村落被郁郁葱葱的大树环保的景象。因此，花腰傣族传统聚落的选址多表现出沿缓坡