第二章 英汉思维对比课件.ppt

腓尼基字母 现在的希伯来字母、阿拉伯字母、希腊字母、拉丁字母等，都可追溯至腓尼基字母。腓尼基字母像希伯来字母和阿拉伯字母一样，都是辅音字母 (abjad)，没有代表元音的字母或符号，字的读音须由上下文推断。 英语词语虚化手段。 1.名词化 in every step of his swift, mechanical march, and in every pause of his resolute observation, there is one and the same expression of perfect egotism, perfect independence and self-confidence, and conviction of the world’s having been made for flies. 每当它敏捷而机械地迈出一步，或者果断地驻足观察，总是流露出一付自命不凡，不求他人，十分自信的神情，俨然认为世界就是为苍蝇而创造的。 2. 词义虚化 1.虚化词缀构词： 前缀： pan- 泛 inter- 相互 micro- 微 pro- 先 trans- 跨 contra- 相反 intra- 内 multi- 多 ultra-超 后缀： -ness、-ity表性质、状态、程度 -tion表动作状态、结果 -ism表主义、学说、信仰 3. 用介词表达较虚泛的意义。 If any mischief was going forward, Peter was sure to be in at it. 只要有什么恶作剧，总少不了彼得的份。 I understand he’s in for a job in the company. 我知道他在申请公司的一个职位。 If there’s any profit to be got out of the deal. I’m going to be in on it. 如果这次买卖可以赚到钱，我打算凑一份。 Bob has it in for George because George told the teacher that Bob cheated in the exam. 因为乔治向老师报告鲍勃考试作弊，鲍勃就对乔治怀恨在心。 汉语词语具体化的手段 英译汉中，汉语采用如下手段来表达英语的抽象词义。 1. 动词取代抽象名词。 He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions. 在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。 These problems defy easy classification. 这些问题难以归类。 2. 范畴词 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。 He discussed greatness and excellence. 他探讨了伟大和杰出的涵义。 The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。 3.具体词语 The stars twinkled in transparent clarity. 星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。 In America, Wang computers have become a fixture in offices throughout the country. 在美国，王安公司的电子计算机已成为各地办公室的必备之物。 请翻译下面这段文字 To help myself live without fault. I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues. The virtues are 1. Temperance 2. Self-control 3. Silence 4. Order 5. Firmness of mind 6. Savings 7. Industry 8. Honesty 9. Justice 10. Cleanliness 11. Calmness 12. Morality 13. Humbleness (Benjamin Franklin) 为了使自己在生活中不犯错误，特列出我认为应该身体力行的13条守则。这些守则是：1. 节制饮食 2. 自我克制 3. 沉默寡言 4. 有条不紊 5. 坚定信念 6. 勤俭节约 7. 工作勤奋 8. 忠诚老实 9. 办事公正 10. 衣履整洁 11. 平心静气 12. 品行高尚 13. 谦虚恭顺 试比较以下句子的翻译 1.No