语言与文化专题商务英语.ppt

Chinese and English Cultural Differences and Their Influence on Language Overview： What is culture？ The relation of culture and language Language and culture are intertwined. Every countrys language can reflect the specific national personality. Cultural traditions, ways of thinking, values and other provisions guide and limit different peoples’ attention, which imprint their own characteristics in emotion and sense-giving act, and make language colorful. It also brought a lot of valuable, complex subjects for cross-cultural contrast research. eg1: A：今天下午补课。 B：谁说的? A：(用手指站在面前的老师)他说的。 eg2: Euphemism for “death”. English: pass away, to go west, to close one’s eyes, to lay down one’s life. Chinese: “帝王之死——大讳、大行、弃天下、驾崩、弃朝、万岁、万岁千秋；高官之死——弃禄、谢宾客、弃群臣、寿终正寝；贤明者之死——哲(人)萎、梁摧、梁坏、埋玉树；僧人之死——灭度、涅磐、入寂。好人、圣人死后就“升天”、“成仙”，恶人死后则“下地狱”、“见阎王”，平民百姓死亡就是“命归黄泉”、“命赴阴间”、“归阴”。 2.Differences of values eg： Chinese：“循例从众，拘谨自制”, “以心换心”，“以仁待人”， “先天下之忧而忧，后大下之乐而乐” English：以“self”(自我)为前缀的合成词超过100多个，如： self-control, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance, self-dependence, self-denial, self-respect, self-actualize, self-applause, self-assert 3.Differences of Thinking Ways 4.Differences of religious faith eg1: Chinese:菩萨、浮屠、施舍、因缘、超脱、红尘、法宝、真谛、取经、慈悲、报应、修行、神通、鬼门关、修身养性、八仙过海、拨乱反正、四大皆空、不二法门、六根清净、牛头马面、十八层地狱 English：“God(上帝)、angel(天使)、savior(救世主)、severe test(洗礼)、gospel/glad tidings(福音)、a tone for ones sin(赎罪)、week (礼拜)、purgatory(炼狱)、pilgrimage(朝圣)、confession(忏悔)、resurrection(复活)、heresy(异端)、holy land(圣地)、heaven (天堂)、temptation(诱惑) eg2: Chinese:9 English:7,3 5.Differences of Sense-giving Act eg1: Chinese:铁饭碗、金饭碗、抢饭碗、砸饭碗 English: a watched pot never boils/to keep the pot boiling/ not to have a pot to piss in/a flash in the pan eg2: “鹤”与“crane” Chinese：“鹤寿千岁，以极其游”、“鹤立鸡群”、“焚琴煮鹤” English：They host cargo with a crane. eg3：“蟋蟀”和 “cricket” Chinese：“昨夜寒蛰不住鸣，惊回千里