唐代监察体制的变革伦.docVIP

唐代监察制度的变革 【】中国的监察制度自秦汉创立，中经魏晋南北朝的发展，到隋唐时期产生重大的变革。唐代监察体制的变革主要体现在四个方面：首先，监察体制中御史监察系统的统一和完整，是到唐代才完成的，唐代御史机构完整统一，所属有台、殿、察三院，分工明确，各司其职，制度健全，职权扩大。其次，监察体制中言谏监察系统获进一步发展，有专门的言谏机关，谏官种类增加，权力增大，除了言事谏诤权的行使外，封驳诏书权的健全，加强了宰相间的相互制约和对皇帝决策的监督。其三，地方监察制度的完备和崇重。其四，监察官吏行使权力的独立性和规范性为以往历代所不及。唐代监察体制的这些变革，进一步了门阀士族的羁绊，体现了皇权不断加强的趋势，使中国封建监察体制趋于合理、完善和成熟。【关键词】唐代监察体制变革The Change? of? the ?Supervisory? System of ??the ?Tang ?Dynasty 【contentsThe?Chinese?Supervisory?System?was?founded?in?the?Qin?Dynasty?andthe ?Han?Dynasty.It ?developed?in?the?Wei?Dynasty,the?Jin?Dynasty,the?North?and?South ?Dynasties,and?it?had?a?great?change?in?the?Sui?Dynasty?and?the?Tang?Dynasty.In?the ?Tang?Dynasty?the?change?was?embodied?in?four?aspects:First,the?unification?and completion?of?the?Censorate?supervisory?system?didn’t?finishuntil?the?Tang?Dynasty.The ?Censorate?organs?were?intact?and?subordinated?three?branches.These?three?branches ?had?clear?division?of?labor?and?each?one?did?its?duty,what’s?more,they?extended??their ?power;Second,the?criticism?system?in?the?supervisory?system?had?a?further?development. It?had?special?criticism?organs.There?were?increasing?kinds?of?dissuasive?officials?and ?they?gained?more?power.Except?the?criticism?systerm,the?correction?of?the?emperor’s? wrong?decisions?strengthened?the?mutual?restriction?in?prime?ministers?and?the ?super-vision?towards?the?emperor’s?decisions;Third,the?completeness?of?the?local? supervisory?system;Fourth,the?independence?and?standard?of?the?supervisory?officials ?practicing?power?excelled?ever?before.These?changes?in?the?supervisory?system?of?the? Tang?Dynasty?further?got?rid?of?the?blocking?-?stocks?of?the?nobles,and?they?embodied?the? trend?of?the?increasing?emperor?power?and?made?the?Chinese?feudal?supervisory?system tend?to?reach?perfection. 【】the?Tang?Dynasty/Supervisory?System/Change监察体制中言谏监察系统地方监察制度的完备与崇重。唐代监察官吏行使权力的独立性和规范性超过以往历代。 【正文】隋唐时期，国家统一，封建国家政治制度有很大的发展，形成了一套比较完备合理、对后代有重大影响的政治制度，监察制度也不例外。唐代监察制度在继承秦汉、魏晋南北朝监察制度的基础上，又有重大的发展和变革唐代监察体制的变革主要体现在四