unergative非作格动词.pptVIP

Review: different types of verbs Warming-up till the cows come home a feather in one’s cap the apple of one’s eye kick the bucket bury the hatchet put up with watch out throw cold water on turn on/off put all one’s eggs in one basket The Lexicon Morphological Processes Overview Characteristics of idioms Classification of idioms Use of idioms Gradable idiomaticity Notice the idiomaticity of idioms is gradable and may best be thought as a continuum. More examples 1) Colloquialism带口语色彩的习语 big wheel: Chomksy is a big wheel in linguistics. 2) Slang俚语 cancer stick hit the sack in the soup: I am deep in the soup now. 3) Literary expressions 带书面语色彩的习语 come to pass: take place; happen bear witness to: prove, show His action bore witness to his kindness. (2) Lexical manipulation词语手段 a. Reiteration, which means the duplication of synonyms such as “pick and choose”. 同义词迭用 b. Repetition, which means the repetition of the same word, such as “by and by”. 词语重复 c. Juxtapostion, which means the combination of two antonyms such as “day and night”. 并置对举 (3) Figurative manipulation 修辞手段 a. Simile?　 as proud as a peacock as mute as a fish b. Metaphor a white elephant a black sheep c. Metonymy from cradle to grave live by one’s pen d. Personification Failure is the mother of success. Actions speak louder than words. e. Hhyperbole a world of troubles a flood of tears 3. Variations of idioms 1) Addition:增加 “in good condition” from “in condition” 2) Deletion: 减少 “the last straw” from “It is the last straw that breaks the camels back.” 3) Position-shifting: 位置替换 day and night = night and day 4) Replacement:替换 “lose heart” vs. “take heart” “break one’s word” vs. “keep one’s word” Summary kick the bucket (= ‘die’) Here we have a single unit of meaning, which happens to consist of three “words”. The idiom thus is a multi-word lexeme. Classification of idioms Use of idioms * * English LexicologyEnglish Idioms Week 14 Instructor: