肯尼亚茶产业与茶树资源育种研究.pdfVIP

φ tiJ_t f (J ål 2012 ,28 (1 9):97-103 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 肯尼亚茶产业与茶树资源育种研究 陈周一琪i ，王志岚2 ( 1 南京农业大学园艺学院，南京 210095;2杭州市农业科学研究院茶叶研究所，杭州 310024) 摘要:肯尼亚是世界重要的茶叶生产国，非洲第一大产茶国，以生产CTC(crush, te缸， curl)红茶为主，茶 叶的品质位居世界前列。茶叶现已成为肯尼亚国民经济的支柱产业，占国民生产总值(GDP)4%; 产量的 95%以上用于出口，是外汇收入的主要来源之一，占26%的出口换汇收入。目前肯尼亚茶叶研究基金会 收集保存了 250 余份茶树种质资源，已经释放了 50 个国家级茶树品种。茶树育种技术从传统的杂交育 种，逐步向生物技术育种等新技术发展。比较系统地阐述了肯尼亚茶叶产业发展简史与概况、茶树种质 资源、育种技术、育成品种、新品种保护及良种繁育与推广等方面的研究进展，以期为中国茶产业可持续 发展尤其是品种改良提供参考。 关键词:肯尼亚;茶树;资源;品种;育种技术 中圈分类号:S57 1.1 文献标志码:A 论文编号:2012-0269 Tea Industry ,Germplasm and Breeding Research Progresses in Kenya Chen Zhouyiqi 1, Wang Zhilan2 (College ofHorticulture , Nα， njing Agricultural University, Nanjing 21∞95; 2Tea Research lnstitute of the Hangzhou Academy ofAgricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 31∞24) Abstract: Kenya is one of the most important tea producíng countries Ín the world and the No.l producer in Mrica, mainly producing top quality CTC (crush, tear and curl) black tea. Tea is the most important pillar industry in the country s economy , correspondíng for about 4% of GDP (gross domestic product). About 959毛 of its tota1 tea production was for expert , representing about 269毛 of the total export earnings. So far, the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya σRFK) collected and preserved 250 accessions of tea germplasms , released 50 improved tea cultivars. The tea breeding technology is gradually advancing from conventional selection and crossing to molecular biotechnology. This paper reviewed the brief history and introductìon of Kenyan tea industry, the re