上海市城市化进程中热环境响应的空间评价钱敏蕾.pdfVIP

中国环境科学 2015,35(2) ：624~633 China Environmental Science 上海市城市化进程中热环境响应的空间评价 * 钱敏蕾,徐艺扬,李 响,蔡芫镔,谢玉静,王祥荣 (复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海 200433) 摘要：利用 Landsat TM/ETM+ 遥感数据解译与反演得到上海市 1997~2009 年的土地利用/覆盖类型图及热岛强度分布图,并分析其演变趋 势,引入温度-植被指数(TVX)并采用 TVX 空间法定量研究了以建设用地扩张、生态用地减少为特点的城市化过程引起的热环境效应.研究 表明,1997~2009 年,上海市人口呈现从中心城至郊区的流动趋势;热岛强度分布与城市化建设密切相关,呈现“葫芦串-葡萄串-摊大饼型” 的蔓延模式;以牺牲生态用地为代价的建设用地扩张造成研究区域地表温度的上升及植被覆盖度的下降,其中林地减少所引起的热环境效 应最大.研究可为城市规划决策过程中不同城市化空间的拓展情景提供其可能的环境响应结果,从而完善气候变化适应性对策,推进城市生 态系统的可持续发展. 关键词：土地利用/覆盖变化；人口；城市热岛；温度植被指数；气候变化；上海市 中图分类号：X16 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2015)02-0624-10 An assessment of spatial thermal environmental response to rapid urbanization of Shanghai. QIAN Min-lei, XU * Yi-yang, LI Xiang, CAI Yuan-bin, XIE Yu-jing, WANG Xiang-rong (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China). China Environmental Science, 2015,35(2)：624~633 Abstract ：The Landsat TM/ETM+ images, from 1997to 2009, were used to analyze temporal changes of land use, land cover changes and urban heat island intensity. The relationship between temporal climatic variability and land use types was examined by an innovative construction of temperature vegetation index (TVX) space. Results show that Shanghai has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover over the study period. The land conversion, from forest land, farmland and water body to urban area, has led to the drastic increase of land surface temperature and the decline of fractional vegetation cover. The loss of forest land had the most serious climatic effect. Furthermore, the high-temperature region has expanded by different modes, from “Bottle Gourd Mode” to “Grape Bunch Mode” and to “Pancake