语言学教程 chapter6.pptVIP

认知语言学;; What is Cognition?; Cognitive Linguistics; 含义：;层次：;Basic Category （基本范畴）;superordinate Category;subordinate Category;Basic level Superordinate level Animal Horse Dog Cat Chihuahua German dachshund shepherdSubordinate level Vertical organization;原型理论;行为 事件范畴;Image Schema（意象图式）;;含义： An image-schema is a “skeletal” mental representation of a recurrent pattern of embodied (especially spatial or kinesthetic) experience. 意象图式是在对事物之间基本关系的认知的基础上所构成的认知结构 类型：;Center-periphery schema ;Containment schema ;Bodily experience: human bodies as containers. Structural elements: interior, boundary, exterior Examples： The ship is coming into view. She’s deep in thought. We stood in silence.;Cycle schema ;Examples (English) Days Weeks Years Sleeping and waking Breathing Circulation Emotional buildup and release ;End-of-path schema ;Force schema ;Examples (English): Physical: Wind, Gravity Structural elements: force, path, entity, etc. Interaction, directionality, causality Compulsion Blockage Counterforce Diversion Removal of restraint;Link schema;Examples (English): A child holding her mother’s hand Someone plugging a lamp into the wall A causal “connection” Kinship “ties” ;Part-whole schema ;Path schema;Examples (English): Physical: Paths; Trajectories Metaphorical: The purpose-as-physical-goal metaphor, as expressed in the following sentences: Tom has gone a long way toward changing his personality. You have reached the midpoint of your flight training. Shes just starting out to make her fortune. Jane was sidetracked in her search for self-understanding.;Scale schema;Examples: Physical amounts Properties in the number system Economic entities such as supply and demand ;Verticality schema; Metaphor;含义：;Target domain - what is actually being talked about. Source domain - the domain used as a basis for understanding target Ontological correspondence Epistemic correspondence Target domain Source