语言学教程-语义学.pptVIP

Chapter FiveMeaning;1. The Study of Meaning;2. Semantic Meaning;Logicians and philosophers have tended to concentrate on a restricted range of sentences (typically, statements, or ‘propositions’) within a single language. The linguistic approach is broader in scope, aiming to study the properties of meaning in a systematic and objective way, with reference to as wide a range of utterances and languages as possible.;3. The meaning of meaning;Health means everything. His look was full of meaning. ;What is the meaning of life?;What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you?;What does ‘cornea’眼角膜 mean? The transparent, convex凸面的, anterior portion of the outer fibrous纤维的 coat of the eyeball that covers the iris虹膜 and the pupil and is continuous with the sclera巩膜.;Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning: Conceptual meaning: logical, cognitive, denotative content Connotative meaning: What language refers to Social meaning: social circumstances of language use Affective meaning: the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer Reflected meaning: association with another sense of the same expression Collocative meaning: Association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word Thematic meaning: Which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis;(1) Conceptual meaning: the central part;(2) Connotative meaning;(2) Connotative meaning;Involving the ‘real world’ experience one associates with an expression when one uses or hears it. Unstable: they vary considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual. Any characteristic of the referent, identified subjectively or objectively, may contribute to the connotative meaning of the expression which denotes it.;;Step mother;;;(3) Social meaning;domicile: very formal, official residence: formal abode: poetic home: general steed: poetic horse: general nag: slang gee-gee: baby language;The five clocks by Martin Joos;The five clock