江苏省第3届“学府杯”科技翻译竞赛原文.docVIP

江苏省第三届“学府杯”科技翻译竞赛原文 1.（英译汉原文） The application of the science of genetics to plant breeding作物育种 occupies a strategic place in the enhancement 增产(increase) of crop productivity. Upon its success depends the effectiveness of many other efforts to provide adequate food supplies for direct consumption by man, feed for his animals and agricultural raw materials for his industries. Bringing more water to the land, improving the soil, providing plant nutrients, teaching the farmer better cultural practices, giving him more efficient tools, etc., cannot yield maximum results unless the plants under cultivation are able to respond fully to the improved environment and practices. 将遗传科学应用到作物育种中在提高农作物生产力方面位居战略性的地位。它的成功与否决定着很多其他方面努力的成效，比如为人类直接消费提供足够的食物供给，为牲畜提供饲料，为工业生产提供农业原材料。除非培育中的植物能够充分适应改良后的环境和培育方法，否则，即使给土地灌溉更多的水、改进土壤、施肥、教授农民更先进的培育技术或者给他们更高效的生产工具等，也不能够达到农作物增产的最大收效。 The application of the principles of plant genetics and of the technical methods used in plant breeding to the needs of the developing countries starts off with the advantages of there being adequate labour and, usually, land at the disposal of the breeder. Lack of equipment may not be serious (i.e. a detrimental factor)—many of the major advances in plant breeding have been made in the field, including the basic work of Mendel. 将作物遗传技术以及在作物培植中使用的科学方法应用到发展中国家满足他们的需要，源于他们的如下两个优势：充足的劳动力和培育者在一般情况下可以自由处理的土地。设备的匮乏可能并不严重（或者说是一个有害的因素）——很多作物育种方面的主要发展都是在田间实现的，包括孟德尔的基本工作。 Plant breeders’ main aims are the same throughout the world. Apart from evolving varieties with higher yield potentials, the usual main objectives are greater cultural reliability, greater resistance to diseases and pests, accommodation (adaptation) to the special requirements of different types of cultural practices, and improvement of quality, both nutritional and industrial. Most of the scientific methods developed are equally applicable everywhere. In fact, plant breeding work is already in progress in most developing countries, and has been started in