【精品】中级翻译(修辞与翻译).doc

PAGE  PAGE 56 1. 明 喻 SIMILE 1．定义 英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻： “A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting [k?not] an idea with something else is by means of using similes．Simile is the neuter[nut?]中性的 singular of the Latin adjective ‘similis,’ meaning like.” Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。 关于英语Simile，有两点须加以说明： Simile(明喻)通常由三部分构成 本体(tenor或subject)、 喻体(vehicle或reference)和比喻词(comparative word或indicator of resemblance)。 可图示如下： Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard) ↓ ↓ ↓ (tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle) 二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。例如： ① Peter is as tall as his father. ② Peter is as tall as a Maypole. 稍加分析可以看出，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。 2. 引导明喻的比喻词(comparative words) ( 1 ) 介词as，like，of等。 As Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last…( Bacon: Of Studies ) 论读书 美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存… I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all was dark and silent as the grave. ( B．Shaw) 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。 Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; but love from love, towards school with heavy looks． ( William Shakespeare) 赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书一样； 和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂。 英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为as+形容词+as+名词。例如： as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 as close as an oyster 守口如瓶 as mute as a fish