美国超验主义分析.pptxVIP

New England Transcendentalism新英格兰超验主义;Whats New England Transcendentalism?;Transcendentalism;The belief that God is immanent in each person and in nature and that individual intuition is the highest source of knowledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of traditional authority. 超验主义者认为人人都有内在的神性，只有通过接触自然才能使神性与人的天性相互融合，从而超验主义十分强调个人主义、自立、拒绝传统权威思想。 ;;;爱默生与《论自然》;Nature---超验主义的圣经;;Thoreau recounts his daily life in the woods and celebrates nature and the individuals ability to live independently of society.Walden is neither a novel nor a true autobiography, but a social critique of the Western World, with each chapter heralding some aspect of humanity that needed to be either renounced or praised.梭罗在书中叙述了在森林里的日常生活，歌颂了自然，强调了个人独立于社会之外的能力。《瓦尔登湖》既不是小说也不能算是自传，而是一部西方社会批评史，书中的每个章节都对人类社会的某个方面进行批判或是颂扬。;Thoreaus masterpiece,Walden, is great Transcendentalist work that came out of the period under discussion. As a young man Thoreau took a more than usual interest in the natural world.Like Emerson, but more than him, he saw nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on mans spiritual well-being, and regarded it as a symbol of the spirt. He tried to seek a way to unlock the secrets of the spirit.梭罗的巨著《瓦尔登湖》是当时的一部伟大的超验主义著作。作为一个年轻人，梭罗对大自然有着非同一般的兴趣。他比爱默生更执着的认为自然对人类的精神起着恢复的作用和健康的影响，并认为自然是精神的象征。他尝试寻找灵魂的秘密;Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level.But it is, first and foremost, a book on self-culture and human perfectibiliy. It is a book ,as J.L. Basile sums it up,about man, what he is and what he should ben and must be. Thoreau has faith in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man.He hold the most important thing for men to do with their lives is to be self-sufficient and strive to achieve personal spiritual perfection. 《瓦尔登湖》可以从不同的层面上来进行解??，然而最重要的是，这是一本关于自我修养和完善的书。就像巴塞尔总结的那样，这本书是关于什么是人、他应该怎么做、必须怎么做的书。梭罗相信人类内心的美德和精神上的崇高。他认为人一生中最重要的事是如何做到自给自足，达到个人精神上的完美。;Thanks for listening