英语词汇学-chapter新 1.docVIP

Chapter 1 1.1 What Is a Word Before we attempt （尝试）any detailed discussion（具体讨论）, it is necessary to （有必要做什么）clarify（阐明澄清）some basic concepts（基本概念） concerning words and vocabulary. The term word（词语word） is an elusive（难以捉摸） notion（概念）, which demands（需要） careful consideration（关注） at the outset（开始）. The relation between sound and meaning,声音和意义之间的关系 between sound and form, 声音和形式之间关系and between words and vocabulary 词语和词汇之间的关系requires（需要） some discussion as well（同样）. In addition, we shall consider（注意）a few commonly recognized criteria（共同规则，标准） for vocabulary classification（词汇分类）and study （研究）each class（每类）of words to some extent （一定程度上）in this chapter.（并且在本章一定程度上研究每类词语） 1.1What is a word? This question has occupied(占据) the attention of linguists（语言学家） for ages. Although numerous（众多的，许多的） definitions（定义） have been suggested, none of them seem to be perfect. Scholars（学者） still do not agree on the definition of the word. When we talk about a word, we tend to（有...倾向用视觉角度去考虑） think in visual terms. In this line（在这个角度） a word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination（集合体） of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment（由一个人的发音器官自由的发出的）. According to semanticists（语义学者）, a word is a unit of meaning（一个词是一个意义单位）. Grammarians（语法学家）, however, insist that a word be a free form（自由形式） that can function（作用） in a sentence, etc. To sum up, the definition of a word comprises the following points: a minimal free form of a language;一个最小的自由形态 A sound unity;一个发音的集合体 A unit of meaning；一个意义单位 A form that can function alone in a sentence.能独自影响句子的形式。 Therefore, we can say that ‘a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function’. （词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用） Words can be simple and complex（单词或者合成词）, yet all must comply with these criteria.标准 Man and five are simple, but they each have