翻译理论1新.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 7 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等于再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。 ) 3. 翻译是一个笼统的概念，可以有不同的角度分成多种类型： 首先，就所涉及的语言而言，可以分为语内翻译 (intralingual translation)，指同一语言的各个语言变体之间的翻译；另一种为语际翻译 (interlingual translation)，指不同语言之间的翻译活动。我们常说的翻译，包括我们本教程所谈论的翻译，都是指语际翻译。 第二，就其活动方式而言，翻译可分为口译(interpretation)和笔译(translation)两类。口译一般指口头翻译，其基本方式有两种：一是连续传译(consecutive interpretation)，又称即席翻译；二是同声传译(simultaneous interpretation)。笔译就是笔头翻译，多用于社会科学，科学技术和文学艺术等文献资料的翻译。 第三，就翻译材料的文体而言，翻译可分为应用文体，科??文体，论述文体，新闻文体和艺术文体五大类。 第四，就处理方式而言，翻译可分为全译，节译，摘译，编译和译述等类。 4. Translation is an art, a bilingual art. Like painting, translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colors, but in words, in words of a different language. It is no easy job, not so easy as it is supposed. Do not think that any one who knows a foreign language, say English, can invariably translate and translate well. No, not at all. Many can speak and write English well, but they cannot translate. And this difficulty is greatly multiplied by the wide difference in vocabulary and sentence construction between the Oriental and Occidental languages. 5. English and Chinese are two entirely different languages. Each has an individual and distinct system. On the one hand, there are some similarities between the two languages, as in the word order of subject and predicate and that of transitive verb and object. On the other hand, there are lots of dissimilarities between them both in morphology and in syntax. Because of this, we have to be familiar with both languages, especially with the wide difference in vocabulary, grammatical relations and sentence construction between these two languages. 6. I’ll see the children home tonight. The stupidity of his behavior was brought home to him. Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply. Much is produced here for home market. He was born in England, but he now looks on Paris as his home. He’s at home with the classics. Is our next football match at home or away? Mrs. Hill is not