论中庸理性工具理性、.PDFVIP

社会学研究 2001 年第 2 期 论中庸理性 :工具理性 、 价值理性和沟通理性之外 ＊ 张德胜 　金耀基 　陈海文 　陈健民 　杨中芳 　赵志裕 　伊沙白 　　Abstract :This paper analyses the zhongyong mode of orientation in the Confucian tradition from a social scientific perspective .It consists of three parts .Part One discusses different types of rationality and then points out that the most fundamental problem in- advanced modern society is w hat may be called the “paradox of reason” , to w hich Haber- mas communicative rationality is hardly a practical solution .Part Two portrays zhongyong as a rational mode of o rientation , w hich is neither instrumental-rational nor v alue-rational but a mix ture of both .It also arg ues that zhongyong rationality has g reater po tential than communicative ratio nality , as far as offering a solution to the above-mentioned problem is concerned .Part Three ex amines the traces of the zhong- yong mode of o rientation among contempo rary Chinese by examining three sets of data , namely , a qualitative study of Confucian entrepreneurs in mainland China , Hong Kong , Taiw an , M alay sia and Singapo re , a survey study of social values of the residents in five Chinese com munities , and a study of conflict resolution among peasants in a village in Guangdong Province . 　　有关中庸的论述很多 , 但基本上走不出文史哲的范围 , 其论述方式大抵以考据及义理的阐 释为主(如葛荣晋 , 1991 ;杜为 , 1986 ;王民 , 1987 ;郑琳 , 1992 ;王大千 , 1994 ;王邦雄 , 1984 ;王开 府 , 1970 ;罗光 , 1989 ;Chou , 1979)。 从社会或行为科学的观点来探讨的 , 为数甚少 , 而且集中 于心理学范围 , 主要视中庸为一种辩证的思维方式(如杨中芳 、赵志裕 , 1997 ;赵志裕 , 2000 ;郑 思雅等 , 1999 ;黄晒莉 , 1996 ;Peng and Nisbett , 1999)。 中庸可以作为社会科学的研究题目 , 一方面由于它是儒家思想中理论性较强的概念 , 然而 更重要的原因 , 则是有感于它作为一种行动取向 , 在价值标准林立 、工具理