第1章 护理学的发展及基本概念幻灯片1.pptVIP

第一章 护理学的发展及基本概念(Basic concepts of nursing and the development of nursing profession);;;;;知识点框架图;;;;重点难点;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;二、中国护理发展概况;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;（三）中国现代护理（1949~至今） 2．护理管理 1986年卫生部召开了全国首届护理工作会议，会后公布了《关于加强护理工作领导，理顺管理体制的意见》。 2008年1月23日国务院公布了新的《中华人民共和国护士管理条例》。 ;（三）中国现代护理（1949~至今）;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;第二节 护理学的概念及知识体系 （Basic concepts of nursing）;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;第三节 护理专业 （The nursing profession） ;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;第四节 护士角色及素质 （Role and quality of nurses）;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;重点难点解析;1．从人类文明的开始，就有了护士提供护理服务的需要。 Nursing has always involved caring. The role of the nurse as caregivers has been present since early civilization. 2．现代护理学的发展是从南丁格尔开始的，她为护理的发展做出了很大贡献。 Modern profession nursing was established by Florence Nightingale, who has contributed to the development of nursing as a profession.;3．护理的概念及定义是随着护理专业的不断发展与完善而不断发展的，它根据当时的社会需求及环境的变化而不断发展及演变。 Definitions of nursing have changed and expanded through time in response to societal needs and social and political structure in which nursing has existed. 4．护理是一门科学，也是一门艺术。 Nursing is both science and art.;5. 护理是护士独立的或与其他专业合作，在各种医疗保健机构中，为所有年龄段患病或健康的个人、家庭、团体或社区提供护理服务。护理学是帮助健康的人或患病的人保持或恢复健康，预防疾病或平静地死??。 Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, the sick or the well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. ;6. 美国护士会将护理学定义（ANA，1980年）为护理学是判断和处理人类对已经存在或潜在的健康问题反应的科学。 The American Nurses Association currently defines nursing as “the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to existing or potential health problems”.;7．目前护士的主要工作场所是医院，同时也包括社区及其他服务场所。 Contemporary nursing practice mainly takes place in hospital, ambulatory care and community/public health care settings. 8．护理是一门古老的职业，新兴的学科及专业。 Nursing is an old