中国多孔菌多样性初探.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2013, 21 (4): 499–506 Doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074 Biodiversity Science http: // 中国多孔菌多样性初探: 物种、区系和生态功能 周丽伟 戴玉成* (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 森林与土壤国家重点实验室, 沈阳 110164) 摘要: 多孔菌是指子实层体呈孔状且质地为革质至木质的一类大型担子菌, 主要生长在各类木材上。我国地域辽 阔, 气候带和地形多样, 森林类型和植被组成丰富, 为多孔菌提供了丰富的栖息地。长期的野外资源调查和标本采 集, 特别是近年来分子生物学技术的发展, 极大地丰富了对我国多孔菌种类的认识。我国是世界上多孔菌物种多 样性最丰富的国家, 现在已知有多孔菌704种, 隶属于11目22科134属, 包括世界广布成分、北温带成分和热带–亚 热带成分。多孔菌中的白腐菌是潜在的工业用菌, 褐腐菌在森林的更新过程中起重要作用。 关键词: 木材腐朽菌, 物种多样性, 真菌区系, 生态学 Chinese polypore diversities: species, mycota and ecological functions Liwei Zhou, Yucheng Dai* State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164 Abstract: Polypores are the group of macro-basidiomycetes with poroid hymenophore and corky basidio- carps that mainly grow on wood. China contains multiple climatic zones and geographic topographies, and thus possesses a variety of forest and vegetation types that provide rich habitats for polypores. Based on ex- tensive collections conducted over a long period of time, a considerable knowledge of Chinese polypore spe- cies has been obtained, and this has been enriched further in recent years by using molecular technology. China possesses the highest polypore diversity in the world and 704 polypore species, belonging to 134 gen- era, 22 families and 11 orders, have been recorded within its borders. These 704 species are composed of cosmopolitan, boreal/temperate and tropical-subtropical elements. White-rot polypores are considered as po- tential industrial resources, while brown-rot polypores play an essential role in f