动物生理学1序论.ppt

动物生理学;第一章 绪论;生理学在生物学中的地位及生理学的分支;生理学;一、生理学的任务;二、生理学研究的三个水平;中国古代著作中的解剖生理学内容 　　《黄帝内经》中国古代蕴含着丰富哲学思想的医学著作 又称 《内经 》。现分为《素问》、《灵枢》两书。托名黄帝,真实作者不可考。成书年代说法不一，一说战国，一说秦汉间，一说西汉初期或中期。实非一时一人之作。书中有“若夫八尺之士，皮肉在此，外可度量切循而得之，其死可解剖而视之”;　　《齐民要术》（贾思勰，公元533－544）中的相畜法对家畜的机体结构与功能间的关系进行了描述。 　　《本草纲目》描写了许多动物的形态、内部解剖。 　　《医林改错》（清代王任清，1768－1831）作者到坟地和刑场解剖尸体，补充和纠正了古书中的一些错误。该书特别阐述了对脑的看法，如“灵机记性于脑”，“听之声归于脑”，“两目即脑汁所生”等。在当时，应该说已具有相当高的科学水平。;西方解剖生理学的发展 　　亚里士多德(Aristotle,公元前384－322) 　　盖伦(Galen,129-199) 　　维萨力欧(也译作维萨里) (Vesalius,1514-1564) 　　哈维(Harvey,1578－1657）;Aristotle (384-322 BC)亚里士多德;Galen was physician to the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Galen was the originator of the experimental method in medical investigation, and throughout his life dissected animals in his quest to understand how the body functions. He also recommended that other doctors practice dissection as a means of discovery as well as to improve surgical skills.;He was the first to identify the brain-mind relation, the basic working structure of the eye and ear, as well as distinguishing differences between motor and sensory nerves Galen was prolific, with nearly 500 treatises to his name. In fact, Galens influence reigned supreme over medicine for 15 centuries after his death. Its ironic that the ancient worlds strongest supporter of experimentation for scientific discovery would go unquestioned for such a long time. By the Renaissance, when mans critical thinking skills returned, many of Galens notions were finally refuted by people such as Vesalius and Harvey. Galens most lasting technique, one that survived his discreditation during the Renaissance, is the taking of the pulse - still done by doctors to this day.;Andreas Vesalius ;William Harvey;Harvey was fascinated by the way blood flowed through the human body. Most people of the day believed that food was converted into blood by the liver, then was consumed as fuel by the body. Harvey knew this was untrue through his firsthand observations of human and animal dissections. In 162