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UNIT ONE Text Collection of Wastewater Background knowledge（在排水管网中将要学到相关知识！） 废水的来源： 废水产生了，怎么办？ 利用管道收集系统（分为分流制管道系统、合流制管道系统、混合制管道系统）进行收集，收集以后怎么办呢？修建污水处理设施（污水处理厂）将污水进行处理后达标排放。 污水收集系统本身可根据收集污水的范围分为室内污水管道系统、室外污水管道系统。 在污水管道收集系统中，除了想要收集的这部分污水外，还不可避免地会收集到渗入的地下水以及雨天进入系统的雨水（流入水）。 New Words and Expressions (1)closet n.盥洗室，厕所(wc) (2)sanitary waste生活污水，生活废物，卫生设备排出的废物 (3) sewerage n.污水（排水）工程，排水系统；污水 (4)sewage n.污水;下水道(系统) (5)inflow n.流入物,流入(量),进水(气) (6)manhole n.人孔,检查井(孔),检修孔,探井 (7)flume n.水(渡)槽 (8)mandatory a.必须遵循的,强制性的 (9)detrimental a.有害的,不利的 (10)easement n.附属建筑物 (11)keep clear of 避开,不接触 (12)perforate v.穿[钻,打,冲]孔 (13)elevation n.高程[度,地];上升,提高 (14)even vt.使平均[平衡] (15)conduit n.水[输送]管,水道,水(沟)渠(aquiduct) (16)terrain n.地带,地形,场所 (17)collecting sewer 污水支管 (18)size n./vt.尺寸,大小;依一定尺寸制造,(管材,轧管)定径 (19)surcharge vt.超(过)载,(使负担)过重 (20)asbestos n.石棉 (21)intercept vt.截取(断,击),拦截 (22)colloquially ad.口语地,通俗地 (23)interceptor n.截流管,截水沟 Text Collection of Wastewater In old cities, drainage ditches were constructed for the sole purpose of moving stormwater out of the cities. Eventually, these ditches were covered over and became what we now know as storm sewers. [2]As water supplies developed and the use of the indoor water closet increased,the need for transporting domestic wastewaters, called sanitary wastes, became obvious. This was accomplished in one of two ways:(1) discharge of the sanitary wastes into the storm sewers, which then carried both sanitary wastes and storm-water, and were known as combined sewers, and (2) construction of a new system of underground pipes for removing the wastewater, which became known as sanitary sewers. Newer cities, and more recently built (post-1900)parts of older cities almost all have separate sewers for sanitary wastes and stormwater. In this text, storm sewer design is not covered in detail. Emphasis here is on estimating th