虚拟语气总汇.pptVIP

Subjunctive Mood;;形式;Ⅰ if条件句的虚拟语气 if的非真实条件从句对现在,过去,将来的事实进行虚拟时,主句和if从句的谓语动词形式如下: 1.与现在事实相反时: if+主+v-ed, 主+would(或might, could, should)+v. Eg: If we left now,we should arrive on time. If I were you,I would refuse the money. ;2. 与将来事实相反时: if+主+should(或were to)+v., 主+would(或might,could,should)+v. Eg: If you should drop the glass, it would break. If you should leave there for a while, you’d change your mind about that place.;3.与过去事实相反时: If+主+had v-ed, 主+would(或might,could,should)+have v-ed. Eg: We would have visited you if we had had time. I wouldn’t have known that thing if I hadn’t been told. ;;如条件从句用if I were…,结果主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式.如: Eg: If I were not busy, I would have come. If I were you, I would go. 根据句意的需要,有的句子的主句为陈述语气,而从句为虚拟语气.如: Eg: If this machine should fail to give satisfaction, we guarantee to refund the purchase money. ;Ⅲ 含蓄条件的虚拟语气 假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在上下文中。 表示暗含条件的方式有： 1.介词或介词短语，如：without,but for,but that等。 Eg: But for your cooperation,we could not have succeeded in our experiment. 2.连词，如：but,or,or else 等。 Eg: I would be most glad to help you,but I’m busy now. ;3.副词,如：otherwise等。 Eg: We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 4.比较等级。 Eg: (1)A more careful person wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. (2)Given more time, I would have been able to finish the experiment. 5.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。 Eg: You wouldn’t know. I would like to come. I would not have dreamed of it. ;Ⅳ if的省略 (1)在正式文体中，当if条件句中含有助动词had,should 或 were 时，可以省略 if,而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。 Eg: Had such disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable. Were he to tell us everything,we would try to solve this problem. (2)如果if条件句是含not的否定句，省略if时,not不能与助动词had ,should或were同时提前??? Eg: Had it not been for their assistance,we couldn’t have finished the task ahead of time.;;Ⅰ 虚拟语气可用于表示命令，请求，建议，愿望，要求等名词性从句中，从句谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形” 1.用于主语从句.常用的形容词和分词有：essential,