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An insect virus-encoded microRNA regulates viral replication
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Sept. 2008, p. 9164–9170 Vol. 82, No. 18
0022-538X/08/$08.000 doi:10.1128/JVI.01109-08
Copyright ? 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
An Insect Virus-Encoded MicroRNA Regulates Viral Replication
Mazhar Hussain,1 Ryan J. Taft,2 and Sassan Asgari1*
School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia,1 and Institute for
Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia2
Received 26 May 2008/Accepted 30 June 2008
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs which play an essential role in gene
regulation and affect a wide range of processes, including development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Here
we report the identification of the first miRNA from an insect virus, derived from the major capsid protein
(MCP) gene in Heliothis virescens ascovirus (HvAV) (HvAV-miR-1). Although MCP was abundantly expressed
at all time points 24 h after infection, HvAV-miR-1 expression was strictly regulated and specifically detected
from 96 h postinfection. HvAV-miR-1 expression coincided with a marked reduction of the expression of HvAV
DNA polymerase I, which is a predicted target. Ectopic expression of full-length and truncated versions of MCP
retaining the miRNA sequence significantly reduced DNA polymerase I transcript levels and inhibited viral
replication. Our results indicate that HvAV-miR-1 directs transcriptional degradation of DNA polymerase I
and regulates HvAV replication. These findings are congruent with recent reports that miR-BART-2 regulates
Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase expression and suggest that virus-encoded miRNA regulation of virus
replication may be a general phenomenon.
A tremendous amount of literature has been published in
the last decade demonstrating that microRNAs (miRNAs) are
fundamental regulators of gene expression and are involved in
biological processes ranging from differentiation to develop-
ment an
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