A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells.pdf

Aa r a t t r h s d ? K 1 a ( l i n e s a N o a o t a 0 dJournal of Power Sources 170 (2007) 476–489 A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells Gi-Heon Kim a,?, Ahmad Pesaran a, Robert Spotnitz b a National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA b Battery Design LLC, 2277 DeLucchi Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA Received 16 February 2007; received in revised form 28 March 2007; accepted 3 April 2007 Available online 18 April 2007 bstract To understand further the thermal abuse behavior of large format Li-ion batteries for automotive applications, the one-dimensional modeling pproach formulated by Hatchard et al. [T.D. Hatchard, D.D. MacNeil, A. Basu, J.R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148(7) (2001) A755–A761] was eproduced. Then it was extended to three dimensions so we could consider the geometrical features, which are critical in large cells for automotive pplications. The three-dimensional model captures the shapes and dimensions of cell components and the spatial distributions of materials and emperatures, and is used to simulate oven tests, and to determine how a local hot spot can propagate through the cell. In simulations of oven abuse esting of cells with cobalt oxide cathode and graphite anode with standard LiPF6 electrolyte, the three-dimensional model predicts that thermal unaway will occur sooner or later than the lumped model, depending on the size of the cell. The model results showed that smaller cells reject eat faster than larger cells; this may prevent them from going into thermal runaway under identical abuse conditions. In simulations of local hot pots inside a large cylindrical cell, the three-dimensional model predicts that the reactions initially propagate in the azimuthal and longitudinal irections to form a hollow cylinder-shaped reaction zone. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. g; Hy t s u t t ( b s t a a n peywords: Li-ion battery; Thermal runaway; Abuse modeling; Battery modelin . Intr