Edward Jenner.pptVIP

------the pioneer of smallpox vaccine Edward Jenner EDWARD JENNER (1749-1823) Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who pioneered vaccination. Jenners discovery in 1796 that inoculation with cowpox gave immunity to smallpox, was an immense medical breakthrough and has saved countless lives. EDWARD JENNER Edward Jenner was born on May 17 1749 in the small village of Berkeley（伯克利）. From an early age Jenner was a keen observer of nature and after nine years as a surgeons apprentice he went to St Georges Hospital, London to study anatomy and surgery under the prominent surgeon John Hunter. After completing his studies, he returned to Berkeley to set up a medical practice where he stayed until his death in 1823. smallpox (天花） Smallpox is an acute contagious disease（接触传染病）caused by variola virus. Smallpox, which is believed to have originated over 3,000 years ago in India or Egypt, is one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity. For centuries, repeated epidemics swept across continents, decimating（十分之一） populations and changing the course of history. As late as the 18th century, smallpox killed every 10th child born in Sweden and France. During the same century, every 7th child born in Russia died from smallpox. the DISCOVERY of VACCINATION In 1788 an epidemic of smallpox hit village and during this outbreak Jenner observed that those of his patients who worked with cattle and had come in contact with the much milder disease called cowpox never came down with smallpox. Jenner needed a way of showing that his theory actually worked. the DISCOVERY of VACCINATION Jenner was given the opportunity on the 14 May 1796, when a young milkmaid called Sarah Nelmes came to see him with sores on her hands like blisters（水泡）. Jenner identified that she had caught cowpox from the cows she handled each day. the DISCOVERY of VACCINATION Jenner now had the opportunity to obtain the material try out his theories. He carefully extracted some liquid from her sores and then