褐煤蜡是由含蜡质的煤（主要是褐煤或某些泥炭）,经溶剂（.docVIP

褐煤蜡是由含蜡质的煤（主要是褐煤或某些泥炭），经溶剂（苯、甲苯等）萃取得到的一种含有蜡（50-80%）、树脂（20-40%）和地沥青（10-20%）的混合物，颜色呈深褐色至棕黑色，质地坚硬且脆。由于苯的强毒性，目前多采用甲苯加热浸泡回流法提取褐煤蜡。褐煤蜡是由长链蜡醇，长链蜡酸以及他们形成的蜡酯所构成，平均碳数范围在C26 - C32。褐煤蜡属于植物蜡，因其良好的性能，广泛的应用在日用化学工业、擦亮蜡工业、复写纸工业、电气工业、机械工业等很多用蜡行业.Wolfmeier et al. [1]指出每年褐煤蜡的市场需求量达到25000吨.1897年德国人最先从褐煤中提取褐煤蜡，1905年德国万斯莱本就开始工业化生产，美国，乌克兰，捷克也相继建立褐煤蜡[2] 厂 .我国褐煤蜡工业起步晚，基础较薄弱，发展较为滞后。国内褐煤蜡研究的鼎盛时期在上世纪八九十年代，进入20世纪以来，只有极少部分人员从事褐煤蜡的研究，对褐煤蜡的报道不多。鉴于褐煤蜡广泛的应用价值及其在国民经济中的重要地位，作者对国内外褐煤蜡的研究进展进行了系统的分析和综述. Lignite wax is mixture of wax (50-80%), resin (20-40%) and asphalt (10-20%) produced through solvent (Benzene or methylbenzene etc.) extraction from wax-bearing coal (mainly lignite or some peat). Its appearance varies from dark brown to brown black with hard and brittle texture. Since the benzene is highly toxic, lignite wax is most often extracted through heating, soaking and reflux through methylbenzene. Lignite wax comprises of long-chain ceryl alcohol, long-chain hexacosanoic acid and wax ester derived from the combination of the above two, with carbon number varying from C26 to C32. It is a type of vegetable wax, and its good performances allow itself to be widely used in chemical industry, wax polishing industry, carbon paper industry, electrical industry and mechanical industry. According to Wolfmeier et al., the annual market demand for lignite wax reaches as many as 25,000 tons. In 1897, German was the first to extract lignite wax from lignite, and subsequently in 1905, Wansleben launched its industrialized mass production, followed by America, Ukraine and the Czech Republic to establish lignite wax factories one after another. China’s lignite wax industry starts relatively late and is characterized by poor foundation backward development. During 1980s~1990s, China’s research about lignite wax reached a peak. However, very few people were involved in the research about lignite wax and few reports were made since the entry of 20th century. In view of its extensive application value and importance