greenroof3.pdfVIP

Water Management Storm sewage poisons thousands of fish By Terri Judd 05 August 2004 The Independent More than 600,000 tons of raw sewage poured into the Thames during this weeks storms, killing thousands of fish, because the capitals drainage network could not cope, the Environment Agency said yesterday, ……………… Water Management Water Management Table 2.3 The run-off characteristics of different urban landuses. The coefficient of run- off is a relative figure indicating comparative water shedding potential rather than absolute values. From Meiss (1978). Land Use Coefficient of run-off High density housing Medium density housing Low density housing with large gardens Sports grounds Parks 0.7 -0.9 0.5 – 0.7 0.2 – 0.3 0.1 – 0.3 0.0 – 0.1 Water Management Water Management Figure 2.4 Runoff from a conventional flat roof and an extensive green roof over a 22 hour period. Redrawn and adapted from Kohler et al. (2001) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time (hrs) R u n o f f ( l / s / h a ) Flat roof Green roof Urban Heat Island ?Increased energy demand ?Human discomfort ?Air pollution Urban Heat Island ?Increased energy demand ?Human discomfort ?Air pollution Urban Air Pollution ? Particulate matter, primarily from vehicle engines ? Heavy metals, again in vehicle and factory emissions, are toxic in relatively low concentration ? Ozone, the main aggravating component of smog, is produced on hot sunny days Urban Air Pollution ? Data for the 2003 summer heatwave indicates that in France there were 11,435 excess deaths, in Italy 639, and in Portugal 1316. ? Heatwaves in the UK in 1976 and 1995 caused an increase in mortality of around 9% generally, but 15% in London. ? Deaths are a result of thermal stress imposed by high night-time temperatures, and by high levels of air pollution, particularly Ozone. ? Greatest deaths occur amongst the elderly and those in hospital or care. Ozone vs Temperature in Ontario Biodiversit