中国儿童乳糖不耐受生发率的调查研究.docVIP

中国儿童乳糖不耐受发生率的调查研究 :yxlw.org 整理?收藏本论文 ------分隔线---------------------------- 杨月欣　何梅　崔红梅　边丽华刘建宇　程五凤　徐浩烽　丰维佳　　摘要　随机选择北京、上海、广州和哈尔滨4大城市的3～13岁健康儿童1168名，采用乳制品摄入量频率调查、乳糖耐量试验和氢呼气试验的方法，研究了中国儿童乳糖酶缺乏和乳糖不耐受的发生率。结果表明：3～5岁，7～8岁和11～13岁组儿童中，乳糖酶缺乏的发生率分别为38.5%、87.6%和87.8%。乳糖不耐受发生率分别为12.2%、32.2%和29.0%。中国4大城市儿童乳糖酶降低或消失发生的年龄在7～8岁。当儿童食用50g奶粉(含13～14g乳糖)时，吸收不良和不耐受的发生率显著下降，但学龄儿童中仍有39%～41.7%为吸收不良、牛奶不耐受症状发生率14%～16.7%。研究未发现乳糖酶缺乏的发生和儿童的喂养史、乳品摄入史有关。　　关键词　儿童　牛奶　乳糖酶缺乏　乳糖不耐受　　中图分类号　R153.2　R151.42Study on the incidence of lactose intolerance of children in ChinaYang Yuexin, He Mei, Cui Hongmei, Bian Lihua, et al.Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100050, China　　1168 healthy children of 3～13 years old were selected as subjects from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Haerbin. Total subjects were challenged by 25 gram lactose test. The breath hydrogen was determined, the symptoms of lactose intolerance were recorded. The results showed that the incidences of lactase deficiency of children of 3～5, 7～8 and 11～13 years old were 38.5%, 87.6% and 87.8% respectively. The incidences of lactose intolerance were 12.3%, 33.2% and 30.5% respectively. Lactase activity decreasing of Chinese children occured at the age of 7～8 years old, and the symptom of lactose intolerance depended onlactose dose. But, there still are 39%～41.7% chil-dren with lactose maldigestion and 14%～16% children with intolerance symptom, after taking 50 gram milk powder (12g lactose). The relationship between lactase activity and milk intake was not found.　　Key words:child, milk, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance　　乳糖是奶类中的特有的碳水化和物，也是婴幼儿食物中的主要能量来源。乳糖的消化吸收对于人类正常的生长发育起着重要作用。当机体缺乏乳糖酶时，奶中的乳糖不能在小肠消化和吸收，而直接进入大肠，在大肠菌丛的作用下，引起发酵、水解从而出现一系列症状如腹涨、肠鸣、气多、或腹泻等，称为乳糖不耐受。据报道乳糖酶缺乏和种族、遗传、地理环境有关［1］，因而各国儿童乳糖活性降低或消失出现的年龄不同。随着乳制品对人类营养重要作用的认识和摄入量的逐步提高，乳糖的吸收利用的问题将成为营养学界重要研究课题。本文主要研究了中国儿童乳糖酶活性降低或消失发生的年龄，乳糖吸收不良、乳糖不耐受的发生率及与牛奶不耐发生率的关系。1　对象和方法1.1　调查对象　　选择我国广州、上海、北京和哈尔滨的3～13岁的健康儿童1168名，所有调查对象近期无胃肠疾病