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Types of Nonverbal Communication（NVC） Body movements Space Time Touch Voice Eye contact Physical Appearance NVC----Body movements Physical behaviors such as: Facial movement Gestures Posture NVC---- Personal Space people regulate intimacy by the use of interpersonal distance and space. Four spatial zones: Intimate (lovers) Personal (friends) Social Public Personal Space Scale NVC---- Touch Touch is often used to indicate the feelings emotions: Positive negative Patting on one’s back: Encouraging Threatening NVC---- Voice It Consists of tone, 语调 speed, 语速 pitch, 音高 volume, 音量 length of pauses, disfluencies (“um”s, “ah”s) Voice It tends to be more powerful than language. It affects how others perceive us. NVC----Eye Contact Direct Eye Contact in USA Informal occasion, such as daily communication: Sexual invitation Formal occasion, such as conference, class: Attention interest NVC---- Physical appearance Physically attractive people generally are perceived better Importance placed on physically appearance can be very damaging “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” NVC---- Time Time orientation: It refers to the value or importance placed on the passage of time. 3 orientations: Past Present Future Past Orientation (P148) On which is the emphasis placed ? Past Orientation Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮 既生瑜何生亮 周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打一个愿挨 “前所未有” 、 “前无古人后无来者” 、 “空前绝后” 、 “后继有人” 、 “继往开来” May 5th in lunar calendar is the Dragon Boat Festival. And the traditional food is Zong-zi. It is said that the chasing of Dragon boat and the food Zong-zi is the true story of great poet Qu yuan. Past Orientation Time goes like a cycle. Events are circular. Experiences for overcoming obstacles and dealing with problems can be applied to current difficulties. Therefore, elders are shown respect to. Past Orientation If you are asked to introduce China to the foreigners, what will you say? Map of China The natural resources and mild climate are fit for the