专转本语法考点要点一览 2010.docVIP

【1】完成时在“It is the first time +that-分句”中的使用 It is the first time I have been here. It was the first time she had been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it. 【2】现在完成进行时 构成： have/ has been +doing 用法： I have been writing letters for an hour ( and I have still got some more to do). Who has been eating my dinner? Who has eaten my dinner? 上列第一句表示动作还将进行下去；第二句说明动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束。 由于现在完成进行体带有进行体的持续性，暂时性和未完成性，所以第三句话表示还有些剩下，而第四句话则说明全给吃光了。 【3】将来完成时： 表示到将来的某个时间为止， 某件事已经完成了。 该时态常和由by 引起的时间状语连用。 The painters say they will have finished painting the rooms downstairs by Tuesday. 【4】被动语态的一般构成（ 如例句显示） He is regarded as brilliant. This book was first published in 1976. They are being punished by the teacher. He said it was being repaired. This car has been driven a lone way today. The road had been opened to traffic. This will be done immediately. 【5】Get 型被动态 The boy got hurt on his way home from work. The mail has got lost or sent to the wrong address. Do you mind working nights? You will get paid overtime. It is said that Charles is to get married. 【6】不定式的被动态 I hope to be elected. It is important for lost time to be made up. 【7】ing 分词的被动态 The problem being discussed is of vital importance. I object to being kept waiting. Having been invited to speak, I will start making preparations tomorrow. I don’t mind him / his being invited. 【8】一些动词如 make, let, see 等， 可以更一个宾语和不带to 的不定式， 它们在变为被动式后要用带to 的不定式 They made him tell everything. ------- He was made to tell everything. 【9】Need / require / want / deserve 四个动词后可接分词， 以主动态表示被动的含义。 The flower needs watering. = The flower needs to be watered. 【10】在表示穿戴， 触摸， 销售等感官动词时， 不用被动态。 These kinds of hat sell well. This brand of glasses wears comfortably. 【11】错综虚拟条件句 ： 有时主句和从句所指的时间是不一致的， 这时需要对有关的动词形式作调整。 If I had eaten breakfast, I would not be hungry now. 从句指的是过去， 主句说的是现在 If he were a good student he would have studied for test. 从句指通常情况，主句指的是过去/ 【12】在正式文体中， 条件从句含有were, had should 有时可以把if 省略掉， 这是要把这些词放到主语之前/ Were it not for his wife’s money, he woul