SCMchapter.pptVIP

CHAPTER 6 – GLOBAL LOGISTICS International trade Organising for international trade Global operations Location of international trade Problems with global logistics Learning objectives appreciate the importance of international trade and its impact on logistics discuss the factors that encourage international trade review the different ways that organisations can move into a new market describe ways that international operations can be organised consider some options for global supply chains review the geographic areas of main economic activity discuss the difficulties of international logistics The continuing growth of global trade is a consistent feature of business International logistics occur when supply chains cross national frontiers All international trade is based on the recognition that an organisation can buy things from a supplier in one country, use efficient logistics to move them, and then sell them at a profit in another country Some benefits of international trade include purchase of products and materials at lower prices access to low cost operations geographic expansion into new areas and markets positive response to increasing competition in home markets expands operations to get economies of scale improves profit margins encourages innovation and diversification into new products gives a new market for products that are near the end of their life-cycles in domestic markets 贸易方面的协议 GATT 关税及贸易总协定 OECD 经济合作与发展组织 WTO 世界贸易组织 NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定区 ASEAN Free Trade Area、 东盟自由贸易区 MERCOSUR 南美洲南方共同市场 Factors that encourage international trade Growing prosperity Demand for foreign products Convergence of market demands Removal of trade barriers Manufacturers’ economies of scale Integration of the supply chain More demanding customers improved communications Changing practices in logistics Growth of specialised support Cheap transport For individual firms an important point is value density This is the ratio of a product’s value to its weight or size Low