骨与关节影像诊断学.ppt

Musculoskeletal Radiology Department of Radiology Peking University First Hospital 王继琛 内容及重点 骨与关节的解剖特点＋影像学检查方法 骨与关节正常影像学表现 骨骼肌肉系统基本病变及放射学表现 骨与关节外伤的影像学表现 椎间盘退行性病变的影像学表现 一.the anatomic features evaluation with Radiological methods contrast in density materials: Between bone and soft tissue: good with x-ray Between compact bone and cancellous bone: good with x-ray X-ray can be used to differentiate the difference of density contrast in soft tissue: Between muscle and vessels: poor with x-ray, good at MR Between muscle and cartilage: poor with x-ray, good at MR MR play an important role in soft tissue With x-ray: CT and x-ray radiography Spatial resolution: x-ray film CT Contrast resolution: CT x-ray film Overlap of structure: not at CT; with some tissue at x-ray film Easy to identify the calcification small ossification high soft tissue contrast in MR imaging Identify bone marrow diseases Muscle and vessels involvement Cartilage change Tendon and ligament injury Sensitive to edema Not sensitive to small calcification The modalities of choice: adopt ones good points and avoid his short-comings Anyway, X-ray radiography is basic examination. 二. Bone and Joints: Normal appearance of Radiology (一). The skeleton：histology Radiological appearance 1. Three functions of bone: the structural support of the body to protect the bone marrow a source of calcium ions 2. Macroscopic organization of bone compact bone: about 70% of bone; very dense + few visible spaces; Cortex is made up of compact bone. The cortex provides most of the structural strength of the skeletal frame. cancellous bone: also spongy bone inside the cortices and forms an interconnecting network of plates or bars called trabeculae. The trabeculae are continuous with the inner surface of the cortex, and the spaces between trabeculae are filled with hematopoietic or fatty bone marrow. Cancellous bone: two important features. First, cancellous bone assists the cortex in structu