八年级上册第六单元学案.docVIP

形容词比较级的变化规则和用法概念大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。两者 (人或事物) 的比较用比较级，三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。注意：比较的对象必须是属于同一性质或范畴的人或物。 1.形容词比较级的变化规则 （1）规则变化：①一般直接在词尾加一er (以e结尾的，只加r)。 tall－taller quiet－quieter large—larger small---smaller short, shorter, old, older, young, younger, strong, stronger, long, longer②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加一er。funny－funnier heavy--heavier easy—easier ③以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节单词，需双写该辅音字母，再加一er。 thin－thinner big－bigger hot—hotter ④多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级由more加形容词原形构成。 athletic—more athleticbeautiful—more beautiful （2）不规则变化：有些形容词的比较级的变化是不规则。 合二为一有三对, 病坏两多与两好,① 一分为二有两个, 一个远来一个老。② 还有一个双含义, 只记少来别记小。③ ①ill/ bad→worse→worst; many/ much→more→most; good/well→better→best ②far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; old/older/elder→oldest/ eldest ③little→less→least 2.形容词比较级的用法 （1）在英语中，两者进行比较，强调一方比另一方……，可使用A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B 结构。（A+ be+比较级+than +B）than后主语的谓语动词可省略，than后的人称代词可用宾格。 He is younger than I (am).他比我年轻。I am a better swimmer than he (him).我游泳比他好。 I am older than you. 口诀：变比较级形式前有甲、后有乙中间来个比较级。比较级前用个be,比较级后用个比(than)。 （2）可以用much, far, even, a little等来修饰形容词的比较级，用以加强语气。 He is much shorter than his son. She has even longer fingers than her mother. Vicky is a little thinner than me. (3) 比较级＋and＋比较级，意为“越来越…” 。多音节比较级用“more and more＋形容词/副词原级”形式。 The weather gets colder and colder. (4) The +比较级…. , The +比较级….，表示“越…就越…”The more you get, the more you want. (5) 比较级+than any other+单数名词，表示“比其他任何…都…”China is larger than any other country in Asia. (6) 如果表示与…….一样，使用“as +形容词/副词原形+as” 两者在某一方面相同Tom runs as fast as Jim. ?My hair is as long as mine. (7) “not as/so +形容词或副词原形+as” 一方在某一方面不及对方 He is not as/ so tall as his brother. He is not as tall as his brother. He doesn’t have as much money as his sister does.（8）有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。 .练习 （1）Sam speaks Chinese well. Tom speaks Chinese better.（合并为一个句子）Tom speaks Chinese than Sam. （2）Tom is short．Jim is shorter．(合并为一句)Tom is ______ _______ Jim．Jim is ______ ________Tom （3）I am a little heavier than her．(改为同义句)She is a l