翻译史.docVIP

Introduction to Contemporary Translation Theories in the West Early attempt at systematic translation theory 德莱顿（ John Dryden） Metaphase; Paraphrase, translation with latitude; Imitation 多雷 (Dolet) Perfect comprehension Perfect knowledge of SL and TL Avoid word-for-word rendering Avoid Latinate and unusual form Assemble words eloquently 泰特勒 (Tytler) -- three general rules of translation 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 3. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 尤金·奈达---乔姆斯基 转换生成语法 Chomsky’s generative-transformational model … and if I had been a mere lover of fine scenery, I should have felt little desire to seek elsewhere its gratification, for on no country have the charm of nature been more prodigally lavished. Surface structure: 如果我只是好风景的爱好者，我应该感觉少有欲望去别处追求满足，因为没有哪个国家被如此慷慨地赐予了迷人的自然风景。 Adapted structure in target language: 如果我只爱欣赏自然美景，不用去到其他地方就能一饱眼福了。说起迷人的自然风光，美国可以说得天独厚，其他国家都比不了。 Formal Equivalence : Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content…One is concerned that the message in the receptor language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. Dynamic equivalence: The relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message. Formal Equivalence （形式对等） 语言中的信息应该尽量与源语言中的不同成分匹配。翻译时，侧重考虑源语言的结构。 Dynamic equivalence （动态对等） 关注动态的关系：接受者和信息之间的关系和原语接受者和原文信息之间存在关系相同。 Dynamic equivalence Making sense Having a natural and easy form of expression Conveying the spirit and manner of the original Producing a similar response 彼得·纽马克 (Peter Newmark) Function Expressive Informative Vocative Core Writer ‘Truth’ Readership Author’s status ‘Sacred’ ‘Anonymous’ ‘Anonymous’ Type Serious Imagin