西瓜枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌拮抗菌株的筛选和鉴定.docVIP

植病拮抗细菌JK-2的筛选和拮抗性能测定( 葛慈斌，蓝江林，黄素芳，朱育菁，刘波* （福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所生物农药研究中心，福州 350003） 摘要：从福建省永泰、福清、闽侯等6个县（市）采集作物根际土壤，筛选出芽孢杆菌58株。采用目标病原菌多重菌株平行测定法，试验初筛出的芽孢杆菌对6株枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用，筛选得到拮抗菌株3株，其中1株（定名为JK-2）的抑菌效果特别显著。对JK-2的抑菌谱调查结果表明，该菌株对大丽轮枝菌（Verticillium dahliae）、黑白轮枝菌（Verticillium albo-atrum）、真菌轮枝霉Verticillium fungicola）、苦瓜炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）、桃褐腐丛梗孢（Monilia laxa）Ralstonia solanacearum）都具有较强的抑制作用。JK-2产生的抑菌物质对热、蛋白酶K的稳定性强；盆栽及田间小区试验结果表明，JK-2对西瓜枯萎病的防效分别可达83.60%和78.96%。 关键词：芽孢杆菌；尖孢镰刀菌；拮抗菌； 中图分类号： 文献标识码：A Screening and Identification of Biocontrol Bacteria Strain JK-2 against Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria GE Ci-bin, Lan Jiang-lin, Huang Su-fang, ZHU Yu-jing, LIU Bo* ( Biocide Center，Institute of Biotechonology, FAAS, Fuzhou 350003，China) Abstract: Fifty-eight strains of Bacillus spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere soils, which were collected from Yongtai, Fuqing, Minhou and other 3 counties in Fujian Province. Using multiple target pathogens inhibiting test with 6 strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl., three strains of biocontrol bacteria were screened to show high inhibition against F. oxysporum. Among these strains, one strain, which was named with JK-2, was the most effective. JK-2 had strong antagonistic effect on a broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, such as Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium fungicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Monilia laxa and Ralstonia solanacearum. The antibiotic substance produced by JK-2 has high stability against heat and proteinase K. Potted test and bioassay in field indicated that JK-2 reduced watermelon fusarium wilt severity by 83.60% and 78.96%, respectively. Key words: Bacillius; Fusarium oxysporum schl.; biocontrol bacterium 真菌性枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum schl）、黄萎病（Verticillium dahliae或 Verticillium albo-atrum）和细菌性青枯病（Ralstonia solanacearum），是西瓜、棉花和番茄等重要经济作物上危害最为严重的三种土传性植物病害，给这些作物生产造成重大损失[1-3]。目前，化学农药在防治植物病害中仍起着重要的作用，但病原菌的多样性和变异性给植物病害的化