【2017年整理】句子成分.docVIP

句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 具体分析： 1. 主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。 名词The car is running fast. The girl can sing many songs. 代词 We are students. This is my pen . Yours is on the desk. 数次One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five. 名词化的形容词The blind need more help. 不定式It’s bad manners to spit in public. 动名词Eating too much is bad for your health. 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式短 语放在句后。 2. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 实义动词单独作谓语， 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语 情态动词与省略 to 的不定式构成合成谓语 助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。 如： 由单一动词作谓语： We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3. 表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有： look， sound听起来， be， get， feel，become， smell，turn，taste尝起来等。如： They are workers.名词 Two and three is five.数词 The story is very interesting.形容词 M y job is teaching English.动名词 She is at home.介词短语 I feel terrible.形容词 The dish tastes delicious.形容词 He is here 副词 It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. 形容词 4. 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。 如： He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词 They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.代词 I want three./ Please pass me the first. 数词 She wants to go home.不定式 We enjoy playing football.动名词 【注意】 ①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave 等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you？间宾＋直宾 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如 to 或 for 等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.直宾＋间宾 Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.直宾＋间宾 【结构】 动词间接宾语（人）直接宾语（物） He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for tenyears. 动词直接宾语（物）（to for）间接宾语（人） He gave his son some advice. He gave some advice to his son. Father bought me a computer. Father bought a compu