(专四语法词汇详解.docxVIP

集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police,?people,?cattle,?militia,?poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。如：Domestic?cattle?provide?us?with?milk,?beef?and?hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，如foliage,?machinery,?equipment,?furniture,?merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All?the?machinery?in?the?factory?is?made?in?China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如audience,?committee,?class,?crew,?family,?public,?government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。The?city?council?is?meeting?to?set?its?agenda.4)a?committee,etc.?of?+复数名词如果主语是由“a?committee?of?/a?panel?of?/a?board?of?+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：A?committee?of?five?men?and?three?women?is?to?consider?the?matter.近义词辨析tired,?exhausted,?fatigued,?weary,?worn?out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。Henry?was?so?tired?that?he?went?to?bed?immediately?after?he?got?home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。The?exhausted?engineer?fell?asleep?on?the?bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。He?felt?fatigued?and?didn’t?want?to?say?a?single?word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。After?a?long?and?weary?wait,?the?plane?finally?came?to?take?them?back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。worn?out词不太正式，多用于口语。The?troops?were?worn?out?after?winning?the?battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。关于used?to的意义和用法used?to?(只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：?He?used?to?smoke?a?lot,?but?he?has?long?given?upsmoking.?在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t?use?to或usedn’t?to均可：?He?didn’t?use?to?smoke?cigarettes.?He?usedn’t?to?smoke?cigarettes.?Didn’t?Maria?use?to?be?interested?in?the?theatre??Usedn’t?Maria?to?be?interested?in?the?theatre??在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：?Used?you?to?go?to?the?same?school?as?Edward??Did?you?use?to?go?to?the?same?school?as?Edward???近义词辨析?use,?apply,?avail,?employ,?utilize?这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。?use强调利用人或物作为工具。?He?used?up?all?his?resources?in?experimenting?with?the?new?paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。apply指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。?We?should?not?only?know?the?theory?but?also?know?how?to?apply?it?to?practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。?avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。?I?don’t?think?complaints?will?a