[介词讲义-初中.docxVIP

介词什么是介词：介词是一种表示词与词之间、词与句之间关系的词；它是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分；介词后面一般加名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句，作介词的宾语，共同构成介词短语。举例：Look at me. （代词）He goes to school by bike. （名词）He is interested in drawing. （动名词）I am still thinking of how I can finish this work on time. （从句）介词的主要分类：介词主要分为方位介词、方式介词、时间介词、固定搭配。方位介词：at the cinema, in the hospital方式介词：write with a pen, go by bus时间介词：in summer, on September 1st固定搭配：by the way, at last, in the end时间介词：at 天 某个时刻、时间点 例如： at noon, at eight o’clock, at midnight较短的一段时间，如节日或大日子 例如：at Christmas, at New Year, at the Spring Festivalon = 天具体的日子，如某日、某节日、星期几例如：on May 4th, on Christmas Day, on Tuesday在某个特定的上午、下午或晚上（前有定语）例如：on the night of the 5th, on Monday morning, on a sunny afternoon, on a dark night固定搭配：准时，按时 on timein 天某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代、年月、季节例如： in 20th Century, in 1998, in summer, in April, in one’s fifties泛指上午、下午、晚上例如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening在一段时间后，一般用于将来时，意为“在….以内”例如：He will arrive in two hours. These products will be produced in a month. 注意：after也表示一段时间之后：after + 一段时间：常用于一般过去时。例如：My mother came home after one hour.after + 时间点：常用于一般将来时。例如：He will arrive after two o’clock. by截至到某个时间，在某个时间前，意为“到….时候为止”，“不迟于….”He will come by six o’clock.Jack had made some friends by the time you came.不用介词表达时间的几种情况：时间词前有this, that时，如： this morning, that evening时间词前有next, last时，如：next Sunday, last Friday时间词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，如：You can come any day.方位介词：at和inat 在小地方；in 在大地方例如：He arrived at the station at ten. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.at 在附近，旁边；in在…..范围内例如：He is sitting at the desk. She was born in Nanjing.in, on和toon 表示“毗邻”或“接壤”to 表示“在….范围外”，不接壤in 表示“在….范围以内”例如：Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China. Japan is to the east of China.on, above, overabove 指高于某物，不强调是否在正上方，与below相对；over指在正上方，与under相对。与物体有一定距离，不直接接触；on在物体的上面，并与物体接触。例如：The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.in front of 和in the front ofin front of “在….前面”，指甲在乙前面，两者互不包括，其反义词为behindin the f