[非谓语知识点.docVIP

一、知识精讲考点一 基本含义 非谓语动词包括：现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词，它们在句中均不能作谓语。 类别 结构 含义 例句 现在分词 doing 主动，进行 1）boiling water 沸腾的水 2）Do you know the girl standing over there? 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？ being done 被动，进行 （正在被做） The houses being built now are for the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。 having done 主动，完成 Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小时，他离开了。 not having done 主动，完成，否定 Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信。 having been done 被动，完成 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。 过去分词 done 被动，完成 1)The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。 2)The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。 表所处的状态或特征 1)Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。 2)Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。 不定式 to do 将来，主动 I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。 to be done 将来，被动 The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。 to have done 完成，主动 使用条件： 1）看结构是否需要； 2）看是否表达过去或完成之意 He’s said to have invented the telephone.据说他发明了电话。 考点二 重要用法 1. 感官动词see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice 等的宾补有四种形式，以see 为例： 结构 含义 举例 see + 宾语 + do 看见（宾语）做……了 see him go to the office see +宾语 + doing 看见（宾语）正在做 see him going to the office see +宾语 + being done 看见（宾语）正在被做 see him being bitten by a dog see +宾语 + done 看见（宾语）被做 see him bitten by a dog 注： 下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to： 5看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使(make，let，have)；2听(listen to，hear)；1感觉(feel)。 2. leave的用法 结构 含义 举例 leave sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直做 eave the machine running让机器一直运转 leave sth. undone 留下某事没有被做 leave the book untouched 这本书没被动过 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave me to do the work 留下我干这项工作 leave sth. to be done 留下某事将要被做 leave the work to be done 留下这项工作有待被做 3. have/get的用法 结构 含义 举例 have sb. do =get sb. to do 让某人做某事 Mother had me buy some salt. 妈妈让我去买些盐。 have sb. doing 让某人一直做 2否定句中)容忍某人做 1)have him standing outside 让他一直站在外边 2)I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that. 我不能容忍你像那样