Chapter15_Information_structure分析.pptVIP

15.2.3 Discontinuity While extraposition moves a whole clause element to the final position, discontinuity moves only part of a clause element. Discontinuity most commonly affects the postmodification of a noun phrase, e.g., finite clauses, non-finite clauses and prepositional phrases: 1)名词词组修饰语的后移 充当主语的名词中心词,如果带有结构复杂的后置修饰语或同位语时,常将该修饰语或同位语移至句尾,与之分割,以保持句子结构的平衡。这种现象多发生在谓语动词为不及物动词或被动结构中。例如： The time has now come (for us) to face the facts. The time will come when you regret making this decision. An order came from Berlin that no language but German be taught in the school. The belief is commonly held that foreigners are responsible for all their economic trouble . 用作后置修饰语的介词词组也可后移与名词中心词隔离： The question will arise of how to allocate these funds most fairly. A report has just been issued on meals served to children in schools. 当名词词组作宾语时，名词中心词也可与后置修饰语或同位语分离： Nixon saw an opportunity in Warsaw to convey a new and more significant message to China. We heard the story from her own lips of how she was embarrassed by two kids. 当名词词组带有表示“除．．．之外”的介词词组作修饰语是，这种介词经常后置，与中心词隔离，一保持句子平衡。例如： Everybody thinks so but you. Everyone passed the text except Tom. All the essays are good except John’s. Nobody was late except Jane. There is nothing to be seen there but water. 2)用作同位语的反身代词的后移 在用作主语的名词词组中，如果有强调性反身代词作中心次的同位语，这种反身代词可移至句尾，以增进强调作用． Jean tried to dissuaded Charles herself. You’re a good cook yourself. I’ll clean the chimney myself. He is believed to have made up his mind to buy the house. The president is reported to have been missing for three days. 3)比较分句的后移 比较分句有时可与它所修饰的比较项分隔，移至句末，构成末端中心，以达到强调目的． More people buy computers today than used to be in the past years. John showed less sympathy for the unfortunate than man than any of his friends. Joe spent far less time on the work than expected. 4)程度状语分句的后移 Too/enough/so/such之后的程度状语 She was too shocked at the sight of murder to explain to the police. Do you think you have enough money in your pocket to pay for your dinner? He was su