牛津高中英语模块六M6U4虚拟语气练习.docVIP

M6U4 虚拟语气讲解 2011.12.16 一、虚拟条件句 非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实或愿望相反的假设或是不可能实现的愿望。 时间 从句 主句 与现在相反 If + 主 + 过去时 主+ would / could / should / might) + do 与过去相反 If + 主 + had done 主+ would / could / should / might) + have done 与将来相反 If + 主 + 过去时 主+ would / could / should / might) + do 1．非真实条件句的形式，根据时间的不同可分为如下三种： ⑴ 表示与将来的事实或愿望相反 ① If it snowed / should snow / were to snow tomorrow, we would change our plan． 要是明天下雪的话，我们就改变计划。 ② If we changed / should change / were to change our plan, they would be disappointed． 如果我们改变计划，他们会失望的。 ⑵ 表示与现在的事实或愿望相反(be动词常用were) 　① If I knew the answer, I would tell you．如果我知道答案，我会告诉你。 ② If 1 were rich，I would donate money to the Hope Project． 要是我富有的话，我会捐款给希望工程。 ⑶ 表示与过去的事实或愿望相反 If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have danced with the American Indians． 如果你早十分钟来的话，你就可以和印第安人跳舞了。 2．可以省去条件句中的if，使用倒装句，即把从句中的should，were和had置于句首。 ① Should it snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration． 如果明天下雪，我们就推迟庆祝会。 ② Were I rich, I would buy an expensive cal．要是我有钱，我就买一辆昂贵的汽车。 ③ Had you attended the lecture, you could have known the special custom． 　如果你听了讲座，你就会知道这种特殊的习俗了。 3．虚拟条件句中的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果……正在……”等含义，主句中的谓语仍用would（或might，should，could），并根据情况选用时态。如： ① If we weren’t living in the 21st century, people would treat the event in an old way. 要不是生活21世纪，人们会用旧有的方式对待这个事件。 ② If Mary were living a hard life, her parents should be responsible for it. 要是玛丽生活艰难的话，她的父母应该对此负责。 4．错综虚拟语气(也叫混合时间虚拟语气) 如果虚拟句的主、从句中动词表达不同的虚拟动作时间，则该句被称为“混合条件虚拟句”。句中动词采用何种形式（现在或过去虚拟式）要依据主、从句中的时间状语（或上下文）来确定。如： ① If you worked hard now, you would get a good job in the future． 如果你现在努力，将来会有好工作。 ② If he had not been caught in the rain yesterday, he wouldn’t be ill now． 要是他昨天不淋雨的话，现在就不会生病了。 ③ If David had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now． 如果大卫在上次的选举中多赢得六张选票，那么他就会是我们的现任主席。 【注意】在混合条件虚拟句中，要注意事实和虚拟假设的混合。要根据所述事实发生的时间确定它的时态形式。 ① I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible，but I Was fully occupied the whole of